Physiology

Abstract

The characteristics of the various hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary, the regulatory mechanisms governing their secretion and release, and the actions of these trophic hormones should be viewed individually. The ability of the anterior pituitary to secrete diverse hormones with far-reaching effects on other endocrine glands had once earned it the title “the master of the endocrine orchestra,” a title that rightfully belongs to the hypothalamus. Together, the hypothalamic—pituitary unit controls growth, regulates thyroid function, stimulates the adrenals to secrete hormones necessary for life, and plays a dominant role in preserving sexuality. Since each trophic hormone functions as an independent hormonal unit with individual control mechanisms and different target organs, it is necessary to review the physiology of each hormone separately. The aspects that are focused on include the chemistry, control, release, circulation, and actions of each trophic hormone.