Abstract
The relationships between the patterns of alcohol and cocaine use are examined using information derived from the authors’ research data and from the literature. Excessive alcohol drinking was very prevalent among males seeking treatment for cocaine dependence at a Veterans Administration hospital in West Los Angeles. Fifty percent met DSM-III-R criteria for alcohol dependence. The drug-related behaviors of patients with the diagnosis of dependence on cocaine only were compared with those of patients dependent on cocaine and alcohol. The progression of the cocaine addiction was not significantly different in those two groups. However, patients with dependence on cocaine and alcohol were more likely to be users of other drugs of abuse. Concerning psychosocial behaviors, both groups maintained employment and stable interpersonal relationships throughout significant periods of their addictive career. One year after drug treatment, both subsamples showed significant improvement in terms of cocaine and alcohol use and social adjustment. Research implications and the possibility that both dependent conditions may share neurobehavioral reinforcing mechanisms are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
National Institute on Drug Abuse: National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings, 1985. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 88–1586. Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, 1988.
Grant BF, Harford TC: Concurrent and simultaneous use of alcohol with cocaine: results of a national survey. Drugs Alcohol Depend 25:97–104, 1990.
National Institute on Drug Abuse: Data from the Drug Abuse Warning System (DAWN): Annual Data, 1987. NIDA Statistical Series No. 7, DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 88–1584. Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, 1988.
Raveis VH, Kandel DB: Changes in drug behavior from the middle to the late twenties: Initiation, persistence, and cessation of use. Am J Public Health 77:607–611, 1987.
White HR: Longitudinal patterns of cocaine use among adolescents. Am J Alcohol Drug Abuse 14:1–5, 1988.
Wesson DR, Smith DE: Cocaine: treatment perspectives, in Kozel NJ, Adams EH (eds): Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiological and Clinical Perspectives. NIDA Research Monograph No. 61, DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 871414. Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, 1987.
Paredes A, Gorelick DA: Physiological and Pathophysiological Effects of Cocaine: (Introduction). Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse (in press).
Mody CK, Miller BL, Mclntyre HB, Cobb SK, Goldberg MA: Neurologic complications of cocaine abuse. Neurology 38:1189–1193, 1988.
Nolte KB, Gelman BB: Intracerebral hemorrhage associated with cocaine abuse. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113:812–813, 1989.
Rowbotam MC, Lowenstein DH: Neurologic consequences of cocaine use. Ann Rev Med 41:417–422, 1990.
Tashkin DP, Simmons MS, Coulson AH, Clark VA, Goung H Jr: Respiratory effects of cocaine “free basing” among habitual users of marijuana with or without tobacco. Chest 92:638–644, 1987.
Morris JB, Schuck JM: Pneumomediastinum in a young male cocaine user. Ann Emerg Med 14:194–196, 1985.
Schesser R, Davis C, Edelstein S: Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax after inhaling alkaloidal cocaine. Ann Emerg Med 10:213–215, 1981.
Novick DM: Major medical problems and detoxification treatment of parenteral drug-abusing alcoholics, in Kreek MJ, Stimmel B (eds): Alcoholism and Poly drug Use. New York, Haworth Press, 1984.
Nadmanee K, Gorelick DA, Josephson MD, Ryan MA, Wilkins J, Robertson HA, Mody FV, Intrachot V: Myocardial ischemia during cocaine withdrawal. Ann Intern Med 111:876–880, 1989.
Cregler LL, Mark H: Cardiovascular dangers of cocaine abuse. Am J Cardiol 57:1185–1186, 1986.
Isner JM, Estes NA, Thompson PD, et al.: Acute cardiac events temporarily related to cocaine abuse. N Engl J Med 315:1438–1443, 1986.
Wanless IR, Dore S, Gopinath N, et al.: Histopathology of cocaine hepatotoxicity: report of four patients. Gastroenterology 98:497–501, 1990.
Perino LE, Warren GH, Levine JS: Cocaine induced hepatotoxicity in humans. Gastroenterology 93:176–180, 1987.
Singhal P, Horowitz B, Quinones MC, et al.: Acute renal failure following cocaine abuse. Nephron 52:76–78, 1989.
Hoyumpa AM: Alcohol interactions with benzodiazepines and cocaine, in Kreek MJ, Stimmel B (eds): Alcoholism and Polydrug Use. New York, Haworth Press, 1984.
Freeman RW, Harbison RD: The role of benzoylmethylecgonine in cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 218:558–567, 1981.
Wang CH, Schnoll SH: Prenatal cocaine use associated with down regulation of receptors in human placenta. Neurotoxicol Teratol 9:301–304, 1987.
Little BB, Snell LM, Klein V, Gilstrap LC III: Cocaine abuse during pregnancy: maternal and fetal implications. Obstet Gynecol 73:157–160, 1989.
Chesnoff IJ, Griffith DR, MacGregor S, et al.: Temporal pattern of cocaine use in pregnancy: perinatal outcome. JAMA 261:1741–1744, 1989.
Gorelick, DA: Pathophysiological effects of cocaine in humans: review of scientific issues. Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse (in press).
Mehrabian A, Straubinger T: Patterns of drug use among young adults. Addict Behav 14:99–1904, 1989.
Single E, Kandel D, Faust R: Patterns of multiple drug use in high school. J Health Soc Behav 15:344–357, 1975.
Miller NS, Gold MS, Belkin BM, Klahr AL: Family history and diagnosis of alcohol dependence in cocaine dependence. Psychiatr Res 29:113–121, 1989.
Noble EP, Blum K, Ritchie T, Montgomery A, Sheridan PJ: Allelic association of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with receptor binding characteristics in alcoholism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:648–654, 1991.
Koob GF, Bloom FE: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of drug dependence. Science 242:715–723, 1988.
Pettit HO, Justice JB Jr: Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens during cocaine self-administration as studied in vivo microdialysis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 34:899–904, 1989.
Peris J, Zahaniser NR: Persistent augmented dopamine release after acute cocaine requires dopamine receptor activation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 32:71–76, 1989.
Peris J, Boyson SJ, Cass WA, Curella P, Dwoskin LP, Larson G, Lin LH, Yasuda RP, Zahniser NR: Persistence of neurochemical changes to dopamine systems after repeated cocaine administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 253:38–44, 1990.
Hall WC, Talbert RL, Ereshefsky L: Cocaine abuse and its treatment. Pharmacotherapy 10:47–65, 1990.
Kornetsky C, Bain GT, Unterwald EM, Lewis MJ: Brain stimulation reward: effects of ethanol. Alcoholism 12:609–616, 1988.
Fadda F, Gessa GL: Role of dopamine in the CNS effect of ethanol, in Parvez S, Burov Y, Parvez H, Burns E (eds): Progress in Alcohol Research, Vol 1. Utrecht, Netherlands, VNA Science Press, 1985, pp 147–161.
Tabacoff B, Hoffman PL: A neurobiological theory of alcoholism, in Chaudron CE, Wilkinson DA (eds): Theories of Alcoholism. Toronto, Canada, Addiction Research Foundation, 1988, pp 29–72.
Fadda F, Argiolas A, Melis MR, Serra G, Gessa GL: Differential effect of acute and chronic ethanol on dopamine metabolism in frontal cortex, caudate nucleus and substantia nigra. Life Sci 27:979–986, 1980.
Imperato A, DiChiara G: Preferential stimulation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats by ethanol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 239:219–228, 1986.
Hser Y, Anglin MD, Powers K: Longitudinal patterns of alcohol use by narcotic addicts, in Galanter M (ed): Recent Developments in Alcoholism. Vol 8. Combined Alcohol and Other Drug Dependencies. New York, Plenum Press, 1990.
Anglin MD, Almog IJ, Fisher DG, Peters KR: Alcohol use by heroin addicts: evidence for an inverse relationship. A study of methadone maintenance and drug-free treatment samples. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 15:191–207, 1989.
Winick C: Maturing out of narcotic addiction. Bull Narcot 14:1–7, 1979.
McGlothlin WH, Anglin MD, Wilson BD: An Evaluation of the Civil Addict Program. NIDA Services Research Monograph, DHW Publication. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 1977.
Anglin MD, McGlothlin WH: Outcome of narcotic addict treatment in California, in Tims F, Ruchman N (eds): Drug Abuse Treatment Evaluation: Strategies, Progress and Prospects. NIDA Research Monograph 51, DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 84-1349. Rockville, MD, DHHS, 1984.
Nurco DN, Bonito AJ, Lerner M, Baller MB: Studying addicts over time: methodology and preliminary findings. Am J Alcohol Abuse 2:107–121, 1975.
Schmitz J, De Jong J, Garnett D, Moore V, Waxman R, Linnoila M: Substance abuse among subjects seeking treatment for alcoholism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:182–183, 1991.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Khalsa, H., Paredes, A., Anglin, M.D. (1992). The Role of Alcohol in Cocaine Dependence. In: Galanter, M. (eds) Recent Developments in Alcoholism. Recent Developments in Alcoholism, vol 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1648-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1648-8_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1650-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1648-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive