Abstract
In amphibians, neural induction takes place during gastrulation, as a consequence of an interaction between the chordamesoderm (inductive tissue) and the ectoderm (target tissue). The mechanism of neural induction has been the subject of many investigations more than 60 years (Saxén, 1989; Duprat et al. 1990; Westenbroeck et al. 1990). Although the natural inducer still remains unidentified, numerous, apparently unrelated, substances have been found to act as inducers (Tiedemann and Born, 1978; Saxén, 1989). Recently an endogeneous soluble protein, noggin, has been shown to have neural inducing activity in Xenopus (Lamb et al. 1993). It has been also suggested that the inhibition of the signal transduced by the activin type II -receptor leads to neuralization (Hemmati-Brivanlou and Melton, 1994). Follistatin, that blocks activin activity by direct binding of activin protein, can induce neural tissue in vivo (Hemmati-Brivanlou et al. 1994). Furthermore, it has also been demonstrated that the inducing signal from the chordamesoderm is recognized at the level of the plasma membrane of the target tissue (Tiedemann and Born, 1978; Takata et al. 1981; Gualandris et al. 1985). Therefore it has become important to define the mechanism of transduction of the neuralizing signal. Using Xenopus embryos, it has been suggested that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol esters, leads to neural induction in a limited part of ectodermal expiants (Davids et al. 1987; Otte et al. 1988, 1989). An increase in cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity during neural induction, has also been observed (Otte et al. 1989), suggesting a cross-talk between PKA and PKC., during this process. These data suggest that PKC pathway is activated by neural induction to initiate neural-specific gene expression. Additional support for a role of a PKC pathway in neural induction is provided by the phorbol ester (TPA) induction of the neural-specific src + mRNA in dorsal competent ectoderm of Xenopus embryo (Collett and Steele, 1992, 1993).
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Leclerc, C., Moreau, M., Gualandris-Parisot, L., Dréan, G., Canaux, S., Duprat, AM. (1995). An Elevation of Internal Calcium Occurring Via L-Type Channels Mediates Neural Induction in the Amphibian Embryo. In: Zagris, N., Duprat, A.M., Durston, A. (eds) Organization of the Early Vertebrate Embryo. NATO ASI Series, vol 279. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1618-1_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1618-1_17
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