Abstract
Imagine descending a deep mine shaft on a science fiction voyage to the center of the earth. In preparation for this voyage you pack two scientific measuring instruments: 1) an optical polishing apparatus, which allows you to prepare optically flat, mirror surfaces on samples of any materials which you encounter during the descent, and 2) a variable angle spectro-ellipsometer, which allows you to characterize completely the optical reflectance properties of the polished samples over as wide a wavelength range as desired. As you begin your descent, temperature and pressure begin to rise. Before long, the basic properties of surrounding materials begin to change. Crystals undergo plastic deformation, and phase transformations take place. Materials which were crystalline and insulating on the earth’s surface become fluid and conducting at elevated temperature and pressure. Eventually, upon arriving at the lower mantle and upper core, temperature will reach approximately 5000 K (the temperature of the sun’s surface) and pressure will approach 1 Mbar. Now imagine that, at this point, you take out your polishing apparatus and begin preparing mirror surfaces on surrounding materials, somehow maintaining the Mbar pressure on them (remember, this is a science fiction story). Then you begin performing extensive reflectance spectroscopy measurements on the hot pressurized surfaces, which your theoretical colleagues, waiting in cool, atmospheric pressure offices back home, are anxious to test against their latest computer model.
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Downer, M.C., Ahn, H., Reitze, D.H., Riffe, D.M., Wang, X.Y. (1994). Properties of Condensed Matter Under Planetary Interior Conditions Measured by Femtosecond Spectroscopy. In: More, R.M. (eds) Laser Interactions with Atoms, Solids and Plasmas. NATO ASI Series, vol 327. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1576-4_12
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