Skip to main content

Abstract

Sarah is a 32-year-old mother of two small children, a girl age 4 and a boy age 2. She has been married for 11 years to a man she met in college. Sarah earned a bachelor’s degree in architecture and had a successful and exciting career before deciding to take several years off to raise a family. Her husband is a partner in a new sporting goods store and has little time to spend at home. Throughout college, Sarah had periodic bouts of feeling “down in the dumps,” during which she had to drag herself to class and did not want to be around her family and friends. The feelings only lasted for several days, and she attributed the spells to stress. Her current problems seem to have begun during her pregnancy. On several occasions, unexpectedly, her heart began to race, she became short of breath, she felt dizzy and nauseous, and it seemed as if the room was spinning and she might faint. The episodes lasted a few minutes but were terrifying. At the time, she thought they were probably due to the pregnancy and did not tell anyone. Some time after her daughter was born, she had two similar experiences of panic. One time she was in the supermarket and had to leave the store hurriedly and sit in her car until she calmed down. The other time, she was driving down a fairly busy neighborhood street with her child in the front seat and had to pull over quickly until she could get herself back together.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, H. E. (1984). The pernicious effects of theoretical orientations in clinical psychology. The Clinical Psychologist, 37, 90–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, H. E., & Cassidy, J. F. (1993). The classification of abnormal behavior: An overview. In P. B. Sutker & H. E. Adams (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology (2nd ed., pp. 3–25). New York: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1977a). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1977b). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, D. H. (1981). On the relation of clinical research to clinical practice: Current issues, new directions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 147–155.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blehar, M. C., Weisman, M. M., Gershon, E. S., & Hirshfield, R. M. A. (1988). Family and genetic studies of affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 280–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brownell, K. D. (1982). Behavioral medicine. In C. M. Franks, G. T. Wilson, P. C. Kendall, & K. D. Brownell (Eds.), Annual review of behavior therapy: Theory and practice (Vol. 8, pp. 156–207). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burger, J. M. (1990). Personality. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockerham, W. C. (1989). Sociology of mental disorder. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corey, G. (1986). Case approach to counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Monterey: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craighead, W. E., Kimball, W. H., & Rehak, P. J. (1979). Mood changes, physiological responses, and self-statements during social rejection imagery. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 385–396.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, N. A., & Lucchese, G. (1978). Adoption of a psychological orientation: The role of the inadvertent. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 15, 323–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A. (1973). Humanistic Psychotherapy: The rational-emotive approach. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H. J., & Wilson, G. D. (1973). The experimental study of Freudian theories. London: Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, S., & Greenberg, R. P. (1977). The scientific credibility of Freud’s theories and therapy. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowles, D. C. (1993). Biological variables in psychopathology: A psychobiological perspective. In P. B. Sutker & H. E. Adams (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology (2nd ed.) (pp. 57–82). New York: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1949). An outline of psychoanalysis. (J. Strachey, Trans.). New York: Norton. (Originally published, 1920.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1957). On the history of the psycho-analytic movement. Standard edition (Vol. 14). (J. Strachey, Trans.). London: Hogarth Press. (Originally published, 1914.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1967). A general introduction to psychoanalysis. New York: Washington Square Press. (Originally published, 1920.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershon, E. S. (1979). Genetics of the affective disorders. Hospital Practice, 14, 117–122.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giovacchini, P. L. (1983). Psychoanalysis. In R. J. Corsini & A. J. Marsella (Eds.), Personality theories, research, and assessment (pp. 25–67). Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, R. A. (1975). The new psychotherapies. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heston, L. L. (1977). Schizophrenia: Genetic factors. Hospital Practice, 12, 43–49.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holdstock, T. L., & Rogers, C. R. (1983). Person-centered theory. In R. J. Corsini & A. J. Marsella (Eds.), Personality theories, research, and assessment (pp. 189–227). Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock.

    Google Scholar 

  • Homey, K. (1939). New ways in psychoanalysis. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kline, P. (1981). Fact and fantasy in Freudian theory (2nd ed.). London: Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S. (1971). The structure of scientific revolutions (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaPointe, K. A., & Harrell, T. H. (1978). Thoughts and feelings: Correlational relationships and cross-situational consistency. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2, 311–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacCorquodale, K., & Meehl, P. (1948). On a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables. Psychological Review, 55, 95–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, M. J. (1980). Psychotherapy and the structure of personal revolutions. In M. J. Mahoney (Ed.), Psychotherapy process: Current issues and future directions (pp. 157–180). New York: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, M. J. (1985). Psychotherapy and human change processes. In M. J. Mahoney and A. Freeman (Eds.), Cognition and psychotherapy (pp. 3–48). New York: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, M. J. (1993). Introduction to special section: Theoretical developments in the cognitive psychotherapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 187–193.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, M. J., & Arnkoff, D. (1978). Cognitive and self-control therapies. In S. L. Garfield & A. E. Bergin (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manicas, P. T., & Secord, P. F. (1983). Implications for psychology of the new philosophy of science. American Psychologist, 38, 399–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGuffin, P., & Katz, R. (1989). The genetics of depression and manic-depressive disorder. Rritish Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 294–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meichenbaum, D. (1977). Cognitive-behavior modification. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagel, E. (1959). Methodological issues in psychoanalytic treatment. In S. Hooke (Ed.), Psychoanalysis, scientific method and philosophy (pp. 38–56). New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norcross, J. C., & Prochaska, J. O. (1983). Clinicians’ theoretical orientations: Selection, utilization, and efficacy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 14, 197–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Leary, K. D., & Wilson, G. T. (1987). Behavior therapy: Application and outcome. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, C. H. (1989). Eclecticism in psychotherapy: Is integration possible? Psychotherapy, 26, 157–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popper, K. (1959). The logic of scientific discovery. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popper, K. (1962). Conjectures and reputations. New York: Harper Torchbooks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popper, K. (1972). Objective knowledge. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, C. R. (1942). Counseling and psychotherapy: Newer concepts in practice. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, implications, and theory- Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, C. R., & Dymond, R. F. (1954). Psychotherapy and personality change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, C. R., & Rabien, R. A. (1958). A scale of process in psychotherapy. Unpublished manuscript, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sammons, M. T., & Gravitz, M. A. (1990). Theoretical orientation of professional psychologists and their former professors. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 131–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sechrest, L. (1992). The past future of clinical psychology: A reflection on Woodworth (1937). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 18–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shlien, J. M., & Zimring, F. M. (1970). Research directions and methods in client-centered therapy. In J. T. Hart & T. M. Tomlinson (Eds.), New directions in client-centered therapy (pp. 33–57). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, G. L. (1978). A survey to identify factors in therapists’ selection of a therapeutic orientation. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 15, 371–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strupp, H. H. (1978). The therapist’s theoretical orientation: An overrated variable. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 15, 314–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton-Simon, K., & Goldfried, M. R. (1979). Faulty thinking in two types of anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 3, 193–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Truax, C. B., & Mitchell, K. M. (1971). Research on certain therapist interpersonal skills in relation to process and outcome. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (pp. 299–344). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ullmann, L. P., & Krasner, L. (1965). What is behavior modification? In L. P. Ullman & L. Krasner (Eds.), Case studies in behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakefield, J. C. (1992a). The concept of mental disorder: On the boundary between biological facts and social values. American Psychologist, 47, 373–388.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wakefield, J. C. (1992b). Disorder as harmful dysfunction: A conceptual critique of DSM-III-R’s definition of mental disorder. Psychological Review, 99, 232–247.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, B. W., & Peterson, L. E. (1985). Philosophical foundation of psychological theories: The issue of synthesis. Psychotherapy, 22, 145–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walton, D. E. (1978). An exploratory study: Personality factors and theoretical orientations of therapists. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 15, 390–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Davis, J.M., Adams, H.E. (1995). Models. In: Heiden, L.A., Hersen, M. (eds) Introduction to Clinical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1573-3_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1573-3_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1575-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1573-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics