Abstract
Clinical psychology has grown tremendously since 1896, the year Lightner Witmer founded the world’s first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania (Reisman, 1976). While once associated merely with clinic-based evaluation and treatment of childhood learning problems, the field of clinical psychology has expanded into a wide range of client populations, clinical activities, and work settings.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adler, A. (1930). Guiding the child on principles of individual psychology. New York: Greenberg.
Altrocchi, J. (1980). Abnormal behavior. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Andrews, T. G., & Dreese, M. (1948). Military utilization of psychologists during World War II. American Psychologist, 3, 533–538.
American Psychological Association, Committee of Clinical Section. (1935). I. The definition of clinical psychology and standards of training for clinical psychologists. II. Guide to psychological clinics in the United States. Psychological Clinics, 23, 2–140.
APA Committee on Ethical Standards for Psychology. (1951). Ethical standards in clinical and consulting relationships. American Psychologist, 6, 57–64.
APA Committee on Training in Clinical Psychology. (1947). Recommended training in clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 2, 539–558.
APA Conference on Graduate Education in Clinical Psychology. (1950). Training in clinical psychology. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Bender, L. A. (1938). A visual motor Gestalt test and its clinical use. American Orthopsychiatric Association Research Monograph, No. 3.
Bickman, L. (1987). Graduate education in psychology. American Psychologist, 42, 1041–1047.
Binet, A. (1911). Nouvelles recherches sur la mesure du niveau intellectuel chez les enfants d’ecole. L’Annee Psychologique, 17, 145–210.
Binet, A., & Simon, T. (1905). Application des methodes nouvelles au diagnostic du niveau intellectual chez des enfants normaux et anormaux d’hospice et d’ecole primaire. L’Annee Psychologique, 11, 245–336.
Binet, A., & Simon, T. (1908). Le development de l’intelligence chez les enfants. L’Annee Psychologique, 14, 1–94.
Bohart, A. C, & Todd, J. (1988). Professional psychology in context. In Foundations of clinical and counseling psychology (pp. 1–25). New York: Harper & Row.
Brems, C., Thevenin, D. M., & Routh, D. K. (1991). The history of clinical psychology. In C. E. Walker (Ed.), Clinical psychology: Historical and research foundations (pp. 3–36). New York: Plenum Press.
Breuer, J., & Freud, S. (1955). Studies on hysteria. Standard edition (vol. 2, pp. 1–306). London: Hogarth. (Original work published 1883-1895.)
Britt, S. H., & Morgan, J. D. (1946). Military psychologists in World War II. American Psychologist, 1, 423–437.
Brotemarkle, R. A. (Ed.). (1931). Clinical psychology: Studies in honor of Lightner Witmer. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Buros, O. K. (1938). The 1940 mental measurements yearbook. Highland Park, NJ: Gryphon Press.
Campbell, H. (1947). The role of clinical psychologists in a Veterans Administration mental hygiene clinic. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1, 93–98.
Conway, J. B. (1988). Differences among clinical psychologists: Scientists, practitioners, and scientist-practitioners. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19(6), 642–655.
DeSantis, B. W, & Walker, C. E. (1991). Contemporary clinical psychology. In C. Eugene Walker (Ed.), Clinical psychology: Historical and research foundations (pp 513–535). New York: Plenum Press.
Dorken, H., & Cummings, N. A. (1977). A school of psychology as innovation: The California School of Professional Psychology. Professional Psychology, 8, 129–148.
Ehrenwald, J. (1956). From medicine man to Freud. New York: Dell Publishing.
Fernberger, S. W. (1932). The American Psychological Association: A historical summary, 1892-1930. Psychological Bulletin, 29, 1–89.
Frank, L. K. (1939). Projective methods for the study of personality. Journal of Psychology, 8, 343–389.
Freud, A. (1928). Technique of child analysis. New York: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Co.
Freud, S. (1910). The origin and development of psychoanalysis. American Journal of Psychology, 21, 181–218.
Galton, F. (1879). Psychometric experiments. Brain, 2, 149–162.
Garmezy, N. (1958). The training program of the National Institute of Mental Health: Its implications for mental health programs. American Psychologist, 13, 37–40.
Harrell, T. (1945). Applications of psychology in the American army. Psychological Bulletin, 42, 453–460.
Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J. C. (1943). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. New York: Psychological Corporation.
Hilgard, E. R. (1987). Psychology in America: A historical survey. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovano-vich.
Hoch, E. L., Ross, A. O., & Winder, C. L. (1966). Conference on the professional preparation of clinical psychologists. American Psychologist, 21, 42–51.
Jones, M. C. (1924). A laboratory study of fear: The case of Peter. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 31, 308–315.
Jung, C. G. (1910). The associated method. American Journal of Psychology, 21, 219–269.
Jung, C. G. (1918). Studies in word associations. London: William Heinermann.
Kendall, P. C., & Norton-Ford, J. D. (1982). Clinical psychology scientific and professional dimensions. New York: Wiley.
Kiesler, C. A., & Zaro, J. (1981). The development of psychology as a profession in the United States. International Review of Applied Psychology, 30, 341–353.
Korman, M. (1974). National conference on levels and patterns of professional training in psychology. American Psychologist, 29, 441–449.
Lindsley, O. R., Skinner, B. F., & Solomon, H. C. (1953). Studies in behavior therapy. Status Report 1. Waltham, MA: Metropolitan State Hospital.
Maher, B. A. (1991). A personal history of clinical psychology. In M. Hersen, A. E. Kazdin, & A. S. Bellack (Eds.), The clinical psychology handbook (2nd ed., pp. 3–33). New York: Pergamon Press.
Marquis, D. (1945). Psychology and the war. Psychological Bulletin, 42, 433–444.
Miller, J. (1947). The Veterans Administration and clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 3, 1–3.
Mora, G. (1985). History of psychiatry. In H. Kaplan & B. J. Sadock (Eds.), Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (Vol. 4, pp. 1034–1054). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Morgan, C., & Murray, H. A. (1935). A method for investigating phantasies: The Thematic Apperception Test. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 34, 289–306.
Nietzel, M. T., Bernstein, D. A., & Milich, R. (1994). Introduction to clinical psychology (4th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Peterson, D. R. (1976). Need for the doctor of psychology degree in professional psychology. American Psychologist, 31, 791–798.
Peterson, J. (1925). Early conceptions and tests of intelligence. Yonkers, NY: World.
Raimy, V. C. (Ed.) (1950). Training in clinical psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Reisman, J. M. (1976). A history of clinical psychology. New York: Irvington.
Reisman, J. M. (1981). History and current trends in clinical psychology. In C. E. Walker (Ed.), Clinical practice of psychology: A guide for mental health professionals. New York: Pergamon Press.
Roe, A., Gustad, J. W, Moore, B. V., Ross, S., & Skodak, M. (Eds.). (1959). Graduate education in psychology: Report of the conference on graduate education in psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Rogers, C. (1951). Client-centered therapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Rorschach, H. (1921). Psychodiagnostik. Bern: Hans Huber.
Sarason, S. (1981). An asocial psychology and misdirected clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 36, 827–836.
Shakow, D. (1976). Reflections on a do-it-yourself program in clinical psychology. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 12, 14–30.
Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms. New York: Appleton-Century.
Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: Macmillan.
Smith, D. (1982). Trends in counseling and psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 37, 802–809.
Strong, E. K. (1931). Changes of interests with age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Terman, L. M. (1916). The measurement of intelligence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1–14.
Watson, R. I. (1953). A brief history of clinical psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 50, 321–346.
Wechsler, D. (1939). Measurement of adult intelligence. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Wolfle, D. (1946). The reorganized American Psychological Association. American Psychologist, 1, 3–6.
Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Woodworth, R. S. (1917). Personal Data Sheet. Chicago: C. H. Stoelting.
Yerkes, R. M. (Ed.). (1921). Psychological examining in the U.S. Army. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, No. 15. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences
Zook, A., II, & Walton, J. M. (1989). Theoretical orientations and work settings of clinical and counseling psychologists: A current perspective. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 20(1), 23–31.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alessandri, M., Heiden, L.A., Dunbar-Welter, M. (1995). History and Overview. In: Heiden, L.A., Hersen, M. (eds) Introduction to Clinical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1573-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1573-3_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1575-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1573-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive