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The Use of Recombinant Proteins and Synthetic Peptides in the Development of a Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Vaccine

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Abstract

It is estimated that malaria infects 300 million people of whom 120 million require clinical care and causes 1.1 million deaths each year; around 90% of these people live in Africa (TDR News, 1992). In the last ten years there has been a large increase in efforts to develop malaria vaccines, especially against the most lethal type caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Early results in humans illustrated the efficacy of irradiated sporozoites as vaccines (Clyde, 1975). The use of sporozoites, the parasite stage transferred from the mosquito vector to the animal host, as a vaccine is impractical but their efficacy demonstrates that, while the ability of the parasite to complete its life cycle is destroyed by irradiation, protective antigens are not. The search for the protective antigen(s) led to the identification of the major surface protein of the sporozoite, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and its main repeat epitope, Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro (NANP), as a prime vaccine candidate (Zavala et al., 1985). A pathogen’s structures that are recognized by protective antibodies, e.g. (NANP)3, or T lymphocytes can be termed “protectopes.” (NANP)n, in the form of a synthetic peptide (Herrington et al., 1987) or a recombinant protein (Ballou et al., 1987), was the primary parasite sequence used in the initial clinical vaccine studies. The limited success of these vaccine trials has led to additional efforts to improve vaccine efficacy including further analyses of protective mechanisms and antigens in animal models, evaluation of the association between HLA and disease prevalence in human beings living in malaria endemic areas and the specificity of antibody and T cells from people in malaria vaccine trial or endemic areas to P. falciparum-derived antigens.

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  1. Pharmaceutical Research New Technologies, F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Ltd, Basel, Switzerland

    Howard M. Etlinger

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  1. University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Edouard Kurstak

  2. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Edouard Kurstak

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Etlinger, H.M. (1994). The Use of Recombinant Proteins and Synthetic Peptides in the Development of a Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Vaccine. In: Kurstak, E. (eds) Modern Vaccinology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1450-7_18

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