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Bioactive Properties of Sphingosine and Structurally Related Compounds

  • Chapter
Lipid Second Messengers

Part of the book series: Handbook of Lipid Research ((HLRE,volume 8))

Abstract

Although sphingosine was discovered over 100 years ago (Thudichum, 1884), there was relatively little interest in the long-chain base backbones of sphingolipids until they were found to be potent inhibitors of protein kinase C (Hannun et al., 1986; Merrill et al.,1986; Wilson et al., 1986). This raised the possibility that cells utilize hydrolysis products of sphingolipids to regulate cell behavior, in analogy to the lipid second messengers (diacylglycerol, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, etc.) that are derived from phosphoglycerolipids (Hannun and Bell, 1989). Subsequent studies have uncovered other systems that are affected by sphingosine, and have found that N-acyl-sphingosines (ceramides) (Okazaki et al.,1989; Hannun, 1994; Kolesnick and Golde, 1994), sphingosine 1-phosphate (Spiegel, 1993), and probably other metabolites are involved in cell signaling. Furthermore, a number of potent mycotoxins have recently been shown to act via disruption of long-chain base metabolism (Merrill et al., 1993b), and long-chain bases have been directly linked to the etiology of diseases that range in symptoms from neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and immunotoxicity to cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-3050

    Alfred H. Merrill Jr.

  2. Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322-3050

    Dennis C. Liotta

  3. Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Athens, Georgia, 30613

    Ronald E. Riley

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  1. Alfred H. Merrill Jr.
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  2. Dennis C. Liotta
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  3. Ronald E. Riley
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, 27710, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Robert M. Bell

  2. Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

    Robert M. Bell

  3. Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 37232, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    John H. Exton

  4. Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, the Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, and the Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, 84112, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

    Stephen M. Prescott

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Merrill, A.H., Liotta, D.C., Riley, R.E. (1996). Bioactive Properties of Sphingosine and Structurally Related Compounds. In: Bell, R.M., Exton, J.H., Prescott, S.M. (eds) Lipid Second Messengers. Handbook of Lipid Research, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1361-6_6

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