Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Principles of Polymer Chemistry pp 223–277Cite as

Common Chain-Growth Polymers

  • Chapter

Abstract

Polyethylene is produced commercially in very large quantities in many parts of the world. The monomer can be synthesized from various sources. Today, however, most ethylene comes from petroleum by high-temperature cracking of ethane or gasoline fractions. Other potential sources can probably be found, depending upon the availability of raw materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. E.W. Fawcett, O.R. Gibson, M.W. Perrin, J.G. Paton, and E.G. Williams, Brit. Pat. # 571,590 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  2. R.O. Symcox and P. Ehrlich, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84, 531 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J.C. Woodbrey and P. Ehrlich, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85, 1580 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. R.O. Gibson, “The Discovery of Polythene,” Roy. Inst. Chem., London Lectures, 1, 1 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. E.W. Fawcett et al., Brit. Pat. # 471,590 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  6. R.A. Hines, W.M.D, Bryant, A.W. Larchar, and D.C. Pease, Ind. Eng. Chem., 49(7), 1071 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A.L.J. Raum, Chapt. 4 in Vinyl and Allied Polymers (P.D. Ritchie, ed.), CRC Press, Cleveland, Ohio, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Monsanto Co., U.S. Pat. # 2,856,395 and 2,852,501.

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. Downs, Chapt. 5 in Vinyl and Allied Polymers (P.D. Ritchie, ed.), CRC Press, Cleveland, Ohio, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  10. M.J. Roedel, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 6110 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. A.H. Willbourn, J. Polym. Sci., 34, 569 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. D.E. Dorman, E.P. Otacka, and P.A. Bovey, Macromolecules, 5, 574 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. W.G. Oakes and R.B. Richards, J. Chem. Soc., 2929 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  14. K.W. Doak, “Low Density Polyethylene (High Pressure),” in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 6, 2nd Ed. (H.F. Mark, N.M. Bikales, C.G. Overberger, and G. Menges, eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  15. K. Weissermel, H. Cherdron, J. Berthold, B. Diedrich, K.D. Keil, K. Rust, H. Strametz, and T. Toth, J. Polym. Sci., Symp. 51, 187 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. D.M. Rasmussen, Chem. Eng., 104 (Sept. 18, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  17. W. Keim, R. Appel, A. Storeck, C. Kruger, and R. Goddard, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 20 (1), 116 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. W.C. Von Dohlen and T.P. Wilson, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 17, 2511 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. H. Pechmann, Ber., 31, 2643 (1898).

    Google Scholar 

  20. E. Bamberger and F. Tschirner, Ber., 33, 955 (1900).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. G.D. Buckley, L.H. Cross, and N.H. Roy, J. Chem. Soc., 2714 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Renfrew and P. Morgan, Polythene, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  23. H. Meerwein, Angew. Chem., A60, 78 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. C.E.H. Bawn, A. Ledwith, and P. Matthies, J. Polym. Sci., 34, 93 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. C.E.H. Bawn and A. Ledwith, Chem. Ind. (London), 1180 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  26. G.D. Buckley and N.H. Ray, J. Chem. Soc., 3701 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  27. A.G. Nasini, G. Saini, and T. Trossarelli, J. Polym. Sci., 48, 435 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Pure Appl. Chem., 4, 255 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  29. M.G, Krakonyak and S.S. Skorokhodov, Vysokomol. Soyed., A11(4), 797 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  30. H. Pechler, B. Firnhaber, D. Kroussis, and A, Dawallu, Makromol. Chem., 70, 12 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. G.A. Mortimer and L.C. Arnold, J. Polym. Sci., A2, 4247 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Avison Corp. U.S. Pat. #3,134,642 (May 26, 1964), 2,980,664 (April 18, 1961), 3,055,878 (Sept. 25, 1962), 3,216,987 (Nov. 9, 1965), 3,303,179 (Feb. 7, 1967), 3,328,375 (June 27, 1967), 3,362,916 (Jan. 9, 1964), 3,313,791 (April 11, 1967), 3,255,167 (June 7, 1966)

    Google Scholar 

  33. German Pat. # 1,236,789 (March 16, 1967), 1,234,218 (April 6, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Eastman Kodak Co., U.S. Pat. # 3,232,919 (Feb. 1, 1966), 3,058,696 (Oct. 10, 1962), 3,081,287 (March 12, 1963), 2,962,487 (Nov. 29, 1960), 3,143,537 (July 21, 1964), 3,004,015 (Oct. 10, 1965), 3,149,097 (Sept. 15, 1964), 3,201,379 (Aug. 17, 1965), 3,213,073 (Oct. 19, 1965), 3,230,208 (Jan. 18, 1966), 3,149,097 (Sept. 15, 1964), 3,186,977 (June 1, 1965), 3,189,590 (June 15, 1965), 3,072,629 (Jan. 8, 1963), 3,178,401 (April 13, 1965), 3,284,427 (Nov. 8, 1966)

    Google Scholar 

  35. British Pat. # 921,039 (March 13, 1963), 930,633 (July 3, 1963), 1,007,030 (Oct. 13, 1965), 1,00,348 (Aug. 4, 1965), 1,000,720 (Aug 11, 1965)

    Google Scholar 

  36. French Pat # 1,315,782 (Jan. 25, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Montecantini-Edison Sp. A., U.S. Pat. # 3,112,300 (Nov. 26, 1963), 3,259,613 (July 5, 1966), 3,139,418 (June 30, 1964), 3,141,872 (July 21, 1964), 3,277,069 (Oct. 4, 1969), 3,252,954 (May 25, 1966)

    Google Scholar 

  38. British Pat. # 1,014,944 (Jan. 10, 1964)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Canadian Pat. # 649,164 (Sept. 25, 1962)

    Google Scholar 

  40. German Pat. # 1,238,667 (April 13, 1967), 1,214 000 (June 6, 1961)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Italian Pat. # (from Chem. Abstr.) 646, 950 (Sept. 20, 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Phillips Petroleum Co. U.S. Patents # 3,280,092 (Oct. 18, 1966), 3,119,798 (Jan. 28, 1964), 3,147,241 (Sept. 1, 1964), 3,182,049 (May 4, 1965), 3,210,332 (Oct. 5, 1965), 3,317,502 (May 2, 1967)

    Google Scholar 

  43. British Pat. # 1,017,988 (Jan. 26, 1966), 1,034,155 (June 29, 1966), 1,119,033 (March 7, 1968)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Belgian Pat. # 695,060 (June 9, 1967)

    Google Scholar 

  45. German Pat. # 1,266,504 (April 18, 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Shell Oil Co. U.S. Pat. # 3,147,238 (Sept. 1, 1964), 3,240,773 (March 15, 1966), 3,282,906 (Nov. 1, 1966), 3,398,130 (Aug. 20, 1968), 3,311,603 (March 28, 1967), 3,394,118 (July 23, 1968), 3,264,277 (Aug, 2, 1966)

    Google Scholar 

  47. British Pat. # 1,006,919 (Oct, 6, 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  48. U. Giannini, A. Casata, P. Lorgi, and R. Mazzocchi, German Pat. Appl. 2, 346, 577 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  49. H.R. Sailors and J.P. Hogam, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem., A15, 1377 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  50. J. Boor Jr. and E.A. Youngman, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,4, 1861 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  51. G. Natta, I. Pasquon, and A. Zambelli, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84, 1488 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. A. Zambelli, G. Natta, and I. Pasquon, J. Polym. Sci., C,4, 411 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  53. P. Pino and R. Mulhaupt, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., Engl., 19, 857 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. K. Weissermel, H. Cherdron, J. Berthold, B. Diedrich, K.D. Keil, K. Rust, H. Strimetz, and T. Toth, J. Polym. Sci., Symp., 51, 187 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. S. Sivaram, Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev., 16(2), 121 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. E.E. Vermel, V.A. Zakharov, Z.K. Bukatova, G.P. Shkurina, S.G. Echevskaya, E.M. Moroz, and S.V. Sudakova, Vysokomol. Soyed., 22(1), 22 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Y. Doi, S. Ueki, and T. Keii, Macromolecules, 12(5), 814 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. V.W. Buls and T.L. Higgins, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 11, 925 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. J. Brandrup and E.H. Immergut, Polymer Handbook, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  60. T. Asanuma, Y. Nishimori, M. Ito, N. Uchikawa, and T. Shiomura, Polym. Bull., 25, 567 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. J.A. Ewen, R.L. Jones, A. Razavi, and J.D. Ferrara, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 110, 6255 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. R.M. Thomas, W.J. Sparks, P.K. Frolich, M. Otto, and M. Mueller-Cuuradi, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 62, 276 (1940).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. R.B. Cundall, in The Chemistry of Cationic Polymerization (PH. Plesch, ed.), Macmillan Co., New York, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  64. A. Gandini and H. Cheradame, “Cationic Polymerization,” in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 2 (H.F. Mark, N.M. Bikales, C.G. Overberger, and G. Menges, eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  65. N.G. Gaylord and H.F. Mark, Linear and Stereoregular Addition Polymers, Interscience, New York, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  66. J.P. Kennedy, in Polymer Chemistry of Synthetic Elastomers, Part 1 (J.P. Kennedy and E.G.M. Tornquist, eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  67. G. Natta, P. Pino, G. Mazzanti, and P. Longi, Gazz. Chim. Ital., 87, 570 (1957) (from a private translation).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. G. Natta, I. Pasquon, A. Zambelli, and G. Gatti, J. Polym. Sci., 51, 387 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. K.R. Dunham, J. Vanderberghe, J.W.H. Faber, and L.E. Contois, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,1, 751 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  70. G. Natta, P. Carradini, and I.W. Bassi, Gazz. Chim. Ital., 89, 784 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. H.W. Coover Jr. and F.B. Joyner, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,3, 2407 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  72. T.W. Campbell and A.C. Haven, Jr., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1, 73 (1959)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. P. Carradini, V. Busico, and G. Guerra, “Monoalkene Polymerization: Stereochemistry,” Chapt. 3 in Comprehensive Polymer Science, Vol. 4 (G.C. Eastmond, A. Ledwith, S. Russo, and P. Sigwalt, eds.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  74. E. Suzuki, M. Tamura, Y. Doi, and T. Keii, Makromol. Chem., 180, 2235 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. U. Giannini, Makromol. Chem., Suppl., 5, 216 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. W. Passmann, Ind. Eng. Chem., 62(5), 48 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. G. Natta, G. Mazzanti, A. Valvassori, and G. Pajaro, Chim. Ind. (Milan), 39, 733 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. W. Marconi, S. Cesea, and G. Della Foruna, Chim. Ind. (Milan), 46, 1131 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. S. Cesea, S. Arrighetti, and W. Marconi, Chim. Ind. (Milan), 50, 171 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  80. S. Cesea, G. Bertolini, G. Santi, and P.V. Duranti, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,9, 1575 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  81. E.K. Gladding, B.S. Fischer, and J.W. Collette, Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev., 1, 65 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. E.W. Duck and W. Cooper, 23rd IUPAC Congress, Macromol. Prepr., 2, 722 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  83. E.K. Easterbrook, T.J. Brett, F.C. Loveless, and D.N. Mathews, 23rd IUPAC Congress, Macromol. Prepr., 2, 712 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  84. C. Cozewith and G. Ver Strate, Macromolecules, 4, 482 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. C.A. Lukach and H.M. Spurlin, in Copolymerization (G.E. Ham, ed.), Interscience, New York, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  86. G. Natta, G. Mazzanti, A. Valvassori, G. Sartori, and A. Barbagallo, J. Polym. Sci., 51, 411, 429 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. G. Bier and G. Lehmann, in Copolymerization (G.E. Harn, ed.), Interscience, New York, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  88. J. Furukawa, Angew. Makromol Chem., 23, 189 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. J. Furukawa, S. Tsuruki, and J. Kiji, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 11, 1819 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. G. Bier, Angew. Chem., 73, 186 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. M.J. Wisotsky, A.B. Kober, and I.A. Zlochower, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 15, 1737 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. V.D. Mochel, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,10, 1009 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  93. T.E. Ferrington and A.V. Tobolsky, J. Polym. Sci., 31, 25 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. J. Inomata, Makromol. Chem., 135, 113 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. I. Kuntz and A. Gerber, J. Polym. Sci., 42, 299 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. F.P. Gintz, Chapt. 11 in Vinyl and Allied Polymers (P.D. Ritchie, ed.), Vol. I, CRC Press, Cleveland, Ohio, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  97. W.M. Saltman et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 5615 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. W.M. Saltman, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,1, 373 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  99. H.E. Adams, et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 50, 1507 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. R.S. Stearns et al., J. Polym. Sci., 41, 381 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. A.V. Tobolsky, J. Polym. Sci., 40, 73 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. F.W. Stavely et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 48(4), 778 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. J.C. D’Ianni, Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 19(3), 138 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  104. G.A. Thomas and W.H. Carmody, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 55, 3854 (1933).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. J.D. D’ianni, F.J. Naples, and J.E. Field, Ind. Eng. Chem., 41, 95 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. J.E. Field and M. Feller, U.S. Pat. # 2,728,758 (Dec. 27, 1955).

    Google Scholar 

  107. H.E. Adams, R.S. Stearns, W.A. Smith, and J.L. Binder, Ind. Eng. Chem., 50, 1507 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. S. Minekawa et al., Japanese Pat. # 45-36519 (Nov. 20, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  109. S. Minekawa et al., Japanese Pat. # 46-03795 (Jan. 29, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  110. J. Witte et al., German Pat. #1,121,813 (Jan. 11, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  111. K. Neutzel et al., German Pat. # 1,116,903 (Aug. 20, 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  112. K. Neutzel et al., German Pat. # 1,143,332 (Feb. 7, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  113. J. Witte et al., British Pat. # 1,069,817 (May 24, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  114. German Pat. # 1,223,159 (April 1, 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  115. G. Friedman et al., French Pat. # 1,589,920 (May 15, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  116. M. Gippin, U.S. Pat. # 3,442,878 (May 6, 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  117. L.C. Kreider, South African Pat. # 68/00327 (June 12, 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  118. R.H. Mayor et al., U.S. Pat. # 3,047,559 (July 31, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  119. E. Schoenberg, British Pat. # 1,135,991 (Dec. 11, 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  120. H. Mori et al., Japanese Pat. # 45-6518 (Nov. 20, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  121. T.F. Yen, J. Polym. Sci., 33, 535 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  122. O. Solomon and C. Amrus, Rev. Chem. (Romania), 9, 150 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. I.M. Koltoff and W.E. Harris, J. Polym. Sci., 2, 41 (1947)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. C.A. Uraneck, in Polymer Chemistry of Synthetic Elastomers, Part 1 (J.P. Kennedy and E.G.M. Tornqvist, eds.), Interscience, New York, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  125. A.L. Klebanski, J. Polym. Sci., 30, 363 (1958)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. Rubber Chem. Technol., 32, 588 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  127. J.T. Maynard and W.E. Mochel J. Polym. Sci., 13, 235, 251 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. R.R. Garrett, C.D. Hargreaves, II, and D.N. Robinson, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem., A4(8), 1679 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  129. C.E.N. Bawn, A.M. North, and J.S. Walker, Polymer, 5, 419 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. C.E.N. Bawn, D.G.T. Cooper, and A.M. North, Polymer, 7(3), 113 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. W. Marconi, A. Mazzei, S. Cucinella, and M. Cesari, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,2, 426 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  132. G. Natta, M. Farina, M. Donati, and M. Peraldo, Chim. Ind. (Milan), 42, 1363 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. G. Natta, M. Farina, and M. Donati, Makromol. Chem., 43, 251 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. G. Natta, P. Corradini, and P. Canis, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,3, 11 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  135. G. Natta, L. Porri, P. Corradini, G. Zanini, and F. Ciampelli, J. Polym. Sci., 51, 463 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. G. Natta, L. Porri, G. Stoppa, G. Allegra, and F. Ciampelli, J. Polym. Sci., B,1, 67 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  137. G. Natta, L. Porri, A. Carbonaro, F. Ciampelli, and G. Allegro, Makromol Chem., 51, 229 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. G. Natta, L. Porri, A. Carbonaro, and F. Stoppa, Makromol. Chem., 77, 114 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. G. Natta and L. Porri, ACS Polym. Prepr., 5(2), 1163 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  140. K. Bujadoux, J. Josefonvicz, and J. Neel, Eur. Polym. J., 6, 1233 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. A.L. Halasa, D.F. Lohr, and J.E. Hall, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 19, 1357 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. N.G. Gaylord, I. Kossler, M. Stolka, and J. Vodehnal, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,2, 3969 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  143. N.G. Gaylord, I. Kossler, and M. Stolka, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem., A2(2), 421 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  144. K. Hasegawa and R. Asami, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 16, 1449 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. K. Hasegawa, R. Asami, and T. Higashimura, Macromolecules, 10, 585, 592 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. I.I. Yermakova, Ye. N. Kropacheva, A.I. Kol’tsov, and B.A. Dolgoplosk, Vysokomol. Soyed., A11(7), 1639 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  147. N.G. Gaylord, M. Stolka, V. Stepan, and I. Kossler, J. Polym. Sci., C(23), 317 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  148. E.R. Moore (ed.), “Styrene Polymers” in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 16, 2nd ed. (H.F. Mark, N.M. Bikales, C.G. Overberger, and G. Menges, eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  149. P.J. Canterno and G.R. Hahle, J. Polym. Sci., 6, 20 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  150. E. Simon, Ann., 31, 265 (1839).

    Google Scholar 

  151. H. Stobbe and G. Posnjack, Ann., 259 (1909).

    Google Scholar 

  152. G.V. Schulz, Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig), B44, 277 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  153. S.R. Mayo, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 6133 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. R.R. Hiatt and P.D. Bartlett, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 81, 1149 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. J. Kurze, D.J. Stein, P. Simak, and R. Kaiser, Angew. Makroml. Chem., 12, 25 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. F.R. Mayo, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90, 1289 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. J. Wiesner and P. Mehnert, Makromol. Chem., 165, 1 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. F.A. Bovey and I.M. Kolthoff, Chem. Rev., 42, 491 (1948).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. O. Roehm, German Pat. #656,469 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  160. N. Platzer, Ind. Eng. Chem., 62(1), 6 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. I.G. Farbenindustri, A.-G., German Pat. # 634,278 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  162. Dow Chem, Co. U.S. Pat. # 2,727,884 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  163. J.P. Kennedy, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem., A3, 861 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  164. J.P. Kennedy, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem., A3, 885 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  165. F.S. D’yachkovskii, G.A. Kazaryan, and N.S. Yenikolopyan, Vysokomol. Soyed., A11, 822 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  166. A.A. Morton and E. Grovenstein Jr., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74, 5435 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  167. J.L.R. Williams, T.M. Laasko, and WJ. Dulmage, J. Org. Chem., 23, 638, 1206 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. D. Baum, W. Betz, and W. Kern, Makromol. Chem., 42, 89 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  169. R.F. Zern, Nature, 187, 410 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  170. K.F. O’Drlscoll and A.V. Tobolsky, J. Polym. Sci., 35, 259 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  171. R.C.P. Cubbon and D. Margerison, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A268, 260 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  172. A.A. Morton and L.D. Taylor, J. Polym. Sci., 38, 7 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. G. Natta, Makromol. Chem., 16, 77 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. G. Natta, J. Polym. Sci., 16, 143 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. C.G. Overberger, J. Polym. Sci., 35, 381 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. A.C. Shelyakov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR, 122, 1076 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  177. D.Y. Yoon, P.R. Sundararajan, and P.J. Flory, Macromolecules, 8, 776 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. V.A. Kargin, V.A. Kabanov, and I.I. Mardenko, Polym. Sci., USSR, 1, 41 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  179. F. Wenger and S.P.S. Yen, Makromol. Chem., 43, 1 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. D.J. Worsford and S. Bywater, Can. J. Chem., 38, 1881 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  181. D.P. Wyman and T. Altares Jr., Makromol. Chem., 72, 68 (1964)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. T. Altares Jr., D.P. Wyman, and V.R. Allen, J. Polym. Sci., A3, 4131 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  183. F. Wenger and S.P.S. Yen, Am. Chem. Soc., Polym. Prepr., 3, 163 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  184. S.P.S. Yen, Makromol. Chem., 81, 152 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. T. Altares, Jr. and E.L. Clark, Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev., 9(2), 168 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. G. Natta, F. Danusso, and D. Sianesi, Makromol. Chem., 28, 253 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. G. Natta, F. Danusso, and D. Sianesi, Makromol Chem., 30, 238 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Y. Sakurada, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,1, 2407 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  189. F.S. Dalton and R.H. Tomlinson, J. Chem. Soc., 151 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  190. D.O. Jordan and A.R. Mathieson, J. Chem. Soc., 2354 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  191. D.J. Worsford and S. Bywater, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 9, 491 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  192. A. Hersberger, J.C. Reid, and R.G. Heilliman, Ind. Eng. Chem., 37, 1073 (1945).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. G. Natta, SPE J., 15, 373 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. J.A. Price, M.R. Lytton, and B.G. Ranby, J. Polym. Sci., 51, 541 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. R.F. Boyer, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology (H.F. Mark, N.G. Gaylord, and N.M. Bikales, eds.), Vol. 13, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  196. F.R. Mayo and C. Walling, Chem. Rev., 46, 191 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. R.H. Boundy and R.F. Boyer, Styrene, Its Polymers, Copolymers, and Derivatives, Reinhold, New York, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  198. G.E. Molan, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,3, 126 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  199. G.E. Molan, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,3, 4235 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  200. N.E. Davenport, L.W. Hubbard, and M.R. Pettit, Brit. Plastics, 32, 549 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. T. Takamatsu, A. Ohnishi, T. Nishikida, and J. Furukawa, Rubber Age, 23 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  202. L.J. Young, Chapt. 8 in Copolymerization (G.E. Ham, ed.), Interscience, New York, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  203. L.A. Wood, J. Polym. Sci., 28, 319 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. J.G. Fox and S. Gratch, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 57, 367 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. R.H. Wiley and G.M. Brauer, J. Polym. Sci., 3, 455, 647, (1948)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. ibid., 4, 351 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  207. J.G. Bevington, H.W. Melville, and R.P. Taylor, J. Polym. Sci., 12, 449 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. U.D. Standt and J. Klein, Makromol Chem., Rapid Commun., 2, 41 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. G.E. Schildknecht, Vinyl and Related Polymers, Wiley, New York, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  210. G.E. Barnes, R.M. Olofson, and G.O. Jones, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 72, 210 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. H.W. Melville, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A167, 99 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  212. D.L. Glusker, E. Stiles, and Yoncoskie, J. Polym. Sci., 49, 197 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  213. T. Fox, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 1768 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. W.E. Goode, F.H. Owens, R.P. Fellman, W.H. Snuder, and J.E. Moore, J. Polym. Chem., 46, 317 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. W.E. Goode, W.H. Snyder, and R.G. Fettes, J. Polym. Sci., 42, 367 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. F.J. Welch, U.S. Pat. # 3,048,572 (Aug. 7, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  217. H. Nagai, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 7, 1697 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. S. Smith, J. Polym. Sci., 38, 259 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. W.G. Gall and N.G. McCrum, J. Polym. Sci., 50, 489 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. M.R. Miller and G.E. Rauhut, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 4115, (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. M.R. Miller and G.E. Rauhut, J. Polym. Sci., 38, 63 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. W.E. Goode, F.H. Owens, and W.L. Myers, J. Polym. Sci., 47, 75 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. B. Garrett et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 81, 1007 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. W.E. Goode, R.P. Fellman, and F.H. Owens, in Macromolecular Syntheses (C.G. Overberger, ed.), Vol. I, Wiley, New York, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  225. C.F. Ryan and J.J. Gormley, in Macromolecular Syntheses (C.G. Overberger, ed.), Vol. I, Wiley, New York, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  226. A. Yamamoto, T. Shimizu, and I. Ikeda, Polymer J., 1, 171 (1979). [Information was obtained from A. Yamamoto and T. Yamamoto, Macromol. Rev., 13, 161 (1978).]

    Article  Google Scholar 

  227. H. Abe, K. Imai, and M. Matsumoto, J. Polym. Sci., B3, 1053 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  228. A. Akimoto, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 10, 3113 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. N. Yamazaki and T. Shu, Kogyo Kagaku Zashi, 74, 2382 (1971). [From A. Yamamoto and T. Yamamoto, Macromol. Chem., 13, 161 (1978).]

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. S.S. Dixit, A.B. Deshpande, and S.L. Kapur, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,8, 1289, (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  231. A. Ravve and J.T. Khamis, U.S. Pat. # 3,306,883 (Feb. 28, 1967), 3,323,946 (June 6, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  232. R.H. Yokum, Functional Monomers, Their Preparations, Polymerization and Application, Vols. I and II, Dekker, New York, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  233. A. Ravve and J.T. Khamis, J. Macromol. Sci.,-Chem., A1(8), 1423 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  234. A. Ravve and K.H. Brown, J. Macromol. Sci.,-Chem., A13(2), 285 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. G.D. Dixon, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 12, 1717 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. H. Berghmans and G. Smets, Makromol. Chem., 115, 187 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  237. A. Stall, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett., 18, 811 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  238. A. Roig, J.E. Figueruelo, and E. Liano, J. Polym. Sci., C(16), 4141 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  239. D.P. Kelly, G.J.H. Melrose, and D.H. Solomon, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 7, 1991 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. J.D. Idol Jr., U.S. Pat. # 2,904,580 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  241. C.H. Bamford and A.D. Jenkins, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A, A216, 515 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  242. W.M. Thomas and J.J. Pellon, J. Polym. Sci., 13, 329 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. A. Zilkha, B.A. Feit, and M. Frankel, J. Chem. Soc., 928 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  244. M. Frankel, A. Ottolenghi, M. Albeck, and A. Zilkha, J. Chem. Soc., 3858 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  245. A. Ottolenghi and A. Zilkha, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,1, 647 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  246. S. Inoue, T. Tsuruta, and J. Furukawa, Makromol. Chem., 42, 12 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. A. Zilkha, P. Neta, and M. Frankel, J. Chem. Soc., 3357 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  248. F.S. Dainton, E.M. Wiles, and A.N. Wright, J. Polym. Sci., 45, 111 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. J.L. Down, J. Lewis, B. Moore, and G. Wilkinson, Proc. Chem. Soc., 209 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  250. R.B. Cundall, D.D. Eley, and R. Worrall, J. Polym. Sci., 58, 869 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. N.S. Wooding and W.C.S. Higginson, J. Chem. Soc., 774 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  252. C.S.H. Chen, N. Colthup, W. Deichert, and R.L. Webb, J. Polym. Sci., 45, 247 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. J. Ulbricht and R. Sourisseau, Faserforsch. Textiltech., 12, 547 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. M.L. Miller, J. Polym. Sci., 56, 203 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. N. Shavit, A. Oplaka, and M. Levy, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,4, 2041 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  256. N. Shavit, M. Konigsbuch, and A. Oplaka, U.S. Pat. #3,345,350 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  257. N. Shavit and M. Konigsbuch, J. Polym. Sci., C(16), 43 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  258. S. Amdur and N. Shavit, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,5, 1297 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  259. W. Kern and H. Fernow, Rubber Chem. Technol., 18, 267 (1945).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. L.E. Ball and J.L. Greene, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology (H.F. Mark, N.G. Gaylord, and N.M. Bikales, eds.), Vol. 15, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  261. R.G. Beaman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 70, 3115 (1948).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. O.H. Bullitt, Jr., U.S. Pat. # 2,608,555 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  263. C.G. Overberger, E.M. Pearce, and N. Mayers, J. Polym. Sci., 34, 109 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. C.G. Overberger, H. Yuki, and N. Urakawa, J. Polym. Sci., 45, 127 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. W.K. Wilkinson, U.S. Pat. # 3,087,919 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  266. Ben-Ami Feit, E. Heller, and A. Zilkha, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,4, 1151 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  267. W.M. Thomas and D.W. Wang, “Acrylamide Polymers,” in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 1 (H.F. Mark, N.M. Bikalis, C.G. Overberger, and G. Menges, eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  268. K. Butler, P.R. Thomas, and G.J. Tyler, J. Polym. Sci., 48, 357 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. J.F. Jones, J. Polym. Sci., 33, 15 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. R.C. Schulz, P. Elyer, and W. Kern, Chimia, 13, 235 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. L.A.R. Hall, W.J. Belanger, W. Kirk, Jr., and Y.A. Sundatrom, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2, 246 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. S.V. Gangal, “Tetrafluoroethylene Polymers,” in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 16 (H.F. Mark, N.M. Bikalis, C.G. Overberger, and G. Menges, eds.), Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  273. WE. Hanford and R.M. Joyce, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 2082 (1946).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. R. Kiyama, J. Osugi, and S. Kusuhara, Rev. Phys. Chem., Japan, 27, 22 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. R.E. Moynihan, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 81, 1045 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. K.L. Berry and J.H. Peterson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73, 5195 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. E.T. McBee, H.M. Hill, and G.B. Bachman, Ind. Eng. Chem., 41, 70 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. L.E. Robb, F.J. Honn, and D.R. Wolf, Rubber Age, 82, 286 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. J.S. Rugg and A.C. Stevenson, Rubber Age, 82, 102 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  280. L. Mandelkern, G.M. Martin, and RA. Quinn, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 58, 137 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. C.B. Griffins and J.C. Montermoso, Rubber Age, 77, 559 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  282. J.F. Smith, Rubber World, 142(3), 102 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. J.F. Smith and G.T. Perkins, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 5(16), 460 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  284. K.L. Paciorek et al., J. Polym. Sci., 45, 405 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. R.J. Orr and H.L. Williams, Can. J. Chem., 33, 1328 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. F. Bergmann, A. Kalmus, and E. Breuer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 20, 4540 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  287. D.I. Livingston, P.M. Kamath, and R.S. Corley, J. Polym. Sci., 20, 485 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. D. Sianeai and P. Carradini, J. Polym. Sci., 43, 531 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  289. G. Talanini and E. Peggion, Chapt. 5 in Vinyl Polymerization (G. Ham, ed.), Dekker, New York, 1967

    Google Scholar 

  290. J. Lewis, P.E. Okieimen, and G.S. Park, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem., A17, 1021 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. W.I. Bengough and R.G.W. Norrish, Proc. Roy. Soc (London), A200, 301 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  292. A. Schindler and J.W. Breitenbach, Ric. Sci., Suppl., 25, 34 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. E.J. Alerman and W.M. Wagner, J. Polym. Sci., 9, 541 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  294. K. Nozaki, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 2, 337 (1947).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  295. K.J. Mead and R.M. Fuoss, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 64, 277 (1942).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. C.H. Bamford, W.G. Barb, A.D. Jenkins, and P.F. Onyon, The Kinetics of Vinyl Polymerization by Free-Radical Mechanism, Butterworth, London, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  297. T. Hjertberg and E. Sorvik, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett., 19, 363 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  298. A. Caraculacu, E.C. Burniana, and G. Robila, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 16, 2741 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  299. J. Petiaud and D.B. Pham, Makromol. Chem., 178, 741 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. J.W.L. Fordham, P.H. Burleigh, and C.L. Sturm, J. Polym. Sci., 41, 73 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  301. U. Giannini and S. Cesca, Chim. Ind. (Milan), 44, 371 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  302. V.G. Gason-Zade, V.V. Mazurek, and V.P. Sklizkova, Vysokomol Soedin., A10(3), 479 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  303. A. Gyot and Pham-Qung-Tho, J. Chim. Phys., 63, 742 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  304. A. Gyot, D.L. Trung, and R. Ribould, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 266, C 1139 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  305. V. Jisova, M. Kolinsky, and D. Lim, J. Polym. Sci., A-1,8, 1525 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  306. N. Yamazaki, K. Sasaki, and S. Kambara, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett., 2, 487 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. A. Guyot and Pham Aung Tho, J. Polym. Sci., C,4, 299 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  308. L.F. Albright, Chem. Eng., 85 (July 3, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  309. C.S. Fuller, Chem. Rev., 26, 162 (1940).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  310. G. Natta and P. Garradini, J. Polym. Sci., 20, 262 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  311. R.L. Adelman and R.C. Ferguson, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 13, 891 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  312. S. Inoue, Chapt. 5 in Structure and Mechanism of Vinyl Polymerization (T. Tsuruta and K.F. O’Driscoll, eds.), Dekker, New York, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  313. I. Rosen, P.H. Burleigh, and J.F. Gillespie, J. Polym. Sci., 54, 31 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. I. Rosen and W.E. Marshal, J. Polym. Sci., 56, 501 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  315. S. Marahashi, H. Yuki, T. Sano, U. Yonemura, H. Tadokaro, and Y. Chanti, J. Polym. Sci., 62, 77 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  316. K. Fujii, Kobunshi Kagaku, 19, 12 (1962) [from Chem. Abstr., 58, 585g (1963)].

    Google Scholar 

  317. S. Okamura, T. Kodama, and T. Higashimura, Makromol. Chem., 53, 180 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  318. S. Murahashi, S. Noazakura, and M. Sumi, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett., 245 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  319. G.G. Matsoyan, J. Polym. Sci., 52, 189 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  320. K.K. Kikukawa, S. Nozakura, and S. Murahashi, Kobunshi Kagaku 25, 19 (1964) [from Chem. Abstr., 69, 1968x (1968)].

    Article  Google Scholar 

  321. K. Noro, Chapt. 6 in Polyvinyl Alcohol (C.A. Finch, ed.), Wiley, New York, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  322. J.A. Brydson, Plastic Materials, Van Nostrand, London, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  323. I.D. Burdett, Chemtech, 22, 616 (1992).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. D. O’Sullivan, Chem: Eng. News, p. 29 (July 4, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  325. D. Cam, E. Albizzati, and P. Cinquina, Makromol. Chem., 191, 1641 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. J.A. Ewen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 6355 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  327. B. Rieger. X. Mu, D.T. Mallin, M.D. Rausch, and J.C.W. Chien, Macromolecules, 23, 3559 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  328. H.N. Cheng and J.A. Ewen, Makromol. Chem., 190, 823 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  329. A. Grassi, A. Zambelli, L. Resconi, E. Albizzati, and R. Mazzocchi, Macromolecules, 21, 617 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. G.G. Arzonmanidis and N.M. Karayannis, Chemtech, 23, 43 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  331. G. Vancso, O. Egyed, S. Pekker, and A. Janossy, Polymer, 23, 14 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. K.H. Reichert and H.U. Moritz, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 36, 151 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. J. Lewis, P.E. Okieimen, and G.S. Park, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem., A17, 1021 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. F.A. Bovey, K.B. Abbas, F.C. Schilling, and WH. Starnes, Jr., Macromolecules, 8, 437 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer Chemistry, Lincolnwood, Illinois, USA

    A. Ravve (Consultant)

Authors
  1. A. Ravve
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ravve, A. (1995). Common Chain-Growth Polymers. In: Principles of Polymer Chemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1283-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1283-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1285-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1283-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation