Abstract
Nuclear power reactors have a large inventory of radionuclides generated from fission of uranium and plutonium. Radioiodines and other fission products are held within the metal cladding of the fuel rods. An accident destroying the integrity of this cladding and the containment will release these radionuclides into the atmosphere as gases, aerosols, or particulates. In these forms, their environmental dispersion is erratic and inhomogeneous, depending largely on meteorologic conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, C.A., and Bonnell, J.A., 1962, Administration of stable iodide as a means of reducing thyroid irradiation resulting from inhalation of radioactive iodine, Health Physics, 7:127.
Becker, D.V., 1987, Reactor accidents. Public health strategies and their medical implications, JAMA, 258:649.
Becker, D.V., Braverman, L.E., Dunn, J.T., Gaitan, E., Gorman, C., Maxon, H., Schneider, A.B., Van Middlesworth, L., and Wolff, J., 1984, The use of iodine as a thyroidal blocking agent in the event of a reactor accident, JAMA, 252:659.
Berman, M., Hoff, E., Barandes, M., Becker, D.V., Sonenberg, M., Benua, R., and Koutras, D.A, 1968, Iodine kinetics in man — a model, J Clin Endocrinol and Metab, 28:1.
Buhler, U.K., and DeGroot, L.J., 1969, Effect of stable iodine on thyroid iodine release, J Clin Endocrinol and Metab, 29:1546.
Blum, M., and Eisenbud, M., 1967, Reduction of thyroid irradiation from I by potassium iodide, JAMA, 200:1036.
Dumont, J.E., Corvilain, B., Coclet, J., Raspe E., and Reuse, S., 1990, Recent progress in fundamental thyroidology with relevance to the prevention of medical consequences of a nuclear accident, in: “Iodine Prophylaxis Following Nuclear Accidents,” Ed: E. Rubery and E. S. Males, Pergamon Press on behalf of the World Health Organization, Oxford.
Dunning, G., 1956, Two ways to estimate thyroid dose from radioiodine in fallout, Nucleonics, 14:38.
Il’in L.A., Arkhangel’skaya G.V, Konstaninov Y.O., et al: Radioactiveiodine in the problem of radiation safety. Atomizdat 1972, pp 208–229 (translation series USAEC 7536, Springfield, Va, National Technical Information Service, 1974).
Johnson, A.E., 1963, The rate of return of radioiodine uptake by the normal thyroid after suppression by pharmacological doses of stable iodide, Health Physics, 9:537.
Gembicki, M., Sowinski, J., Ruchala, M., Bednarek, J., 1991, The influence of radioactive contamination and iodine prophylaxis after Chernobyl accident on the thyroid morphology and function of the inhabitants of poznan region, Polish Journal of Endocrinology, 42:297.
Lengemann, F.W., and Thompson J.C., 1963, Prophylactic and therapeutic measures for radioiodine contamination — a review, Health Physics, 9:311.
Meck, R.A., Chen, M.S., and Kenny, P.J., 1985, Criteria for the administration of KI for thyroid blocking of radioiodine, Health Physics, 48:141.
National Council of Radiation Protection (NCRP): Protection of the thyroid gland in the event of releases of radioiodine. NCRP Handbook No.55, Aug 1, 1977. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Washington, DC.
Nauman, J., 1990, Potassium iodide prophylaxis in Poland: Review of far field experience, In: “Iodine Prophylaxis Following Nuclear Accidents,” Ed: Rubery and E. Smales, Pergamon Press on behalf of the World Health Organization, Oxford.
Nauman, J., 1991, Czarnobyl, jod, tarczyca, Polish J of Endocrinology, 42:2.
Pochin, E.E., 1990, Iodine prophylaxis: quantitative considerations, In: “Iodine Prophylaxis Following Nuclear Accidents,” E. Rubery and E. Smales, Pergamon Press on behalf of the World Health Organization, Oxford.
Pochin, E.E., and Barnaby, C.F., 1962, The effect of pharmacological doses of non-radioactive iodide of the course of radioiodine uptake by the thyroid, Health Physics, 7:125.
Ramsden, D., Passant, F.H., Peabody, C.O., and Speight, R.G., 1967, Radioiodine uptakes in the thyroid studies of the blocking and subsequent recovery of the gland following the administration of stable iodine, Health Physics, 13:633.
Robbins, J., 1983, Indications for using potassium iodide to protect the thyroid from low level internal irradiation, Bull NY Acad Med, 59:1028.
Robbins, J.: Iodine deficiency, iodine excess and the use of iodine for protection against radioactive iodine. Thyroid Today 1980, 3:1–5.
Saxena, M.K., Chapman M.E., and Pryles C.V., 1963, Minimal dosage of iodide required to suppress uptake of iodine-131 by normal thyroid, Science, 138:430.
Stanbury, J.B., 1990, The physiological basis for blockade of radioiodine retention by iodine, in: “Iodine Prophylaxis Following Nuclear Accidents,” E. Rubery and E. Smales, Pergamon Press on behalf of the World Health Organization, Oxford.
Sternthal, E., Lipworth, L., Stanley, B., Abreau, C., Fang, S., and Braverman, L.E., 1980, Suppression of thyroid radioiodine uptake by various doses of stable iodide, New Eng J Med, 303:1083.
Van Middlesworth, L., 1987, Nuclear reactor accidents and the thyroid, Thyroid Today, 10:1.
World Health Organization (WHO), 1989, Guides for Iodine Prophylaxis Following Nuclear Accidents, published on behalf of the World Health Organization, Denmark.
Wolff, J., 1985, Risks for stable and radioactive iodine in radiation protection of the thyroid, in: “Thyroid Disorders Associated With Iodine deficiency and Excess,” Ed: R. Hall, and J. Kobberling, Serono Symposia 22:11, Raven Press, New York.
Wolff, J., 1980, Physiological aspects of iodide excess in relation to radiation protection, J Mol Med, 4:151.
Wolff, J., 1964, Transport of iodide and other anions in the thyroid gland, Physiol Rev, 44:45.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zanzonico, P.B., Becker, D.V. (1993). Use of Potassium Iodide to Minimize Thyroid Radiation from Radioactive Fall-Out. In: Delange, F., Dunn, J.T., Glinoer, D. (eds) Iodine Deficiency in Europe. NATO ASI Series, vol 241. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1245-9_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1245-9_28
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1247-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1245-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive