Abstract
We discuss the history and current status of the paradoxes associated with compact groups of galaxies. Dynamical theory requires that compact groups merge rapidly. Currently observed groups must, therefore, continually collapse out of the looser group environment. The observations do not support these model predictions nor do the models explain how the groups resist the onset of merger while in the process of formation. The observations are more consistent with the notion that the compact groups are long-lived or even primordial. At the same time, conventional theory completely ignores the large number of compact groups with at least one discordant redshift member. There are approximately nine times more such configurations than are expected by chance (37 vs. 4). Recognition of this fact may represent the greatest challenge to conventional ideas about this remarkable form of clustering.
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Sulentic, J.W. (1993). Compact Groups of Galaxies. In: Arp, H.C., Keys, C.R., Rudnicki, K. (eds) Progress in New Cosmologies. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1225-1_3
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