Abstract
In plasma processing commonly a distinction is made between low pressure (or low (ion) temperature) plasmas and thermal plasmas1. The transition between these two classes is gradual. Plasmas cover a wide spectrum in electron density (1015/m3–1023/m3) and ionization degree (10−7–1). In low pressure plasmas2 as RF—discharges the ionization degree is usually small and these plasmas are characterized by an abundance of molecular fragments and large ambipolar fields. The high electron density thermal plasmas have a high ionization degree and nearly full dissociation and a high heavy particle temperature. In this paper we will focuss on these plasmas.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Refereences
P. Fauchais, J.F. Coudert and M. Vardelle, “Diagnostics in thermal plasma processing”, Ch. lin Plasma diagnostics, Vol. 1, 0. Auciello Sc D.L. Flamm (ed.), Academic Press, Boston (1989).
V.M. Donally, “Optical diagnostic techniques for low pressure plasmas and plasma prosesses”, Ch. 1.
J. Mostaghimi, P. Proulx and M.I. Boulos, “A two-temperature model of the inductively coupled rf plasma”, J. Appl. Phys. 61: 1753 (1987).
D.C. Schram, I.J.M.M. Raaijmakers, B. van der Sijde, H.J.W. schenkelaars and P.W.J.M. Boumans, “Approaches for clarifying excitation mechanisms in spectrochemical excitation sources”, Spectrochim. Acta 38B: 1545–1557 (1983).
J.A.M. van der Mullen, “Excitation equilibria in plasmas; A classification”, Physics Report 191: 109 (1990).
R.J. Rosado, “An investigation of non-equilibrium effects in thermal argon plasmas”, thesis Eindhoven University of Technology (1981).
C.J. Timmermans, R.J. Rosado and D.C. Schram, “An investigation of non-equilibrium effects in thermal argon plasmas”, Z. Naturforsch. 40A: 810 (1985).
S.I. Branginskii, “Transport processes in a plasma”, Reviews of Plasma Physics, I:205, ed. M.A. Leontovich, Plenum, New York (1965).
R.S. Devoto, “Transport properties of ionized monatomic gases”, Phys. Fluids 9::1230 (1966), “Transport coefficients of partially ionized argon”, Phys. Fluids 10:354, (1967), “Transport coeffcients of ionized argon”, Phys. Fluids 16: 616 (1973).
G.M.W. Kroesen, D.C. Schram, C.J. Timmermans and J.C.M. de Haas, “The energy balance of a plasma in partial local thermodynamic equilibrium”, IEEE Trans. on Plasma Sc 18: 985 (1990).
A.T.M. Wilbers, J.J. Beulens and D.C. Schram, “Radiative energy loss in a two-temperature argon plasma”, JQSRT 46: 385 (1991).
J.J. Beulens, D. Milojevic, D.C. Schram and P.M. Vallinga, “A two-dimensional nonequilibrium model of cascaded arc plasma flows”, Phys. Fluids B3: 2548 (1991).
J.J. Beulens, “Surface modification using a cascade arc plasma source”, thesis Eindhoven University of Technology (1992).
I.J.M.M. Raaijmakers, P.W.J.M. Boumans, B. van der Sijde and D.C. Schram, “A theoretical study and experimental investigation of non-LTE phenomena in an inductively argon plasma - I. Characterization of the discharge”, Spectrochim. Acta 38B: 697 (1983).
V. Helbig, “Diagnostics of thermal plasmas”, Pure and Appl. Chem. 60: 675 (1988).
F.H.A.G. Fey, W.W. Stoffels, J.A.M. van der Mullen, B. van der Sijde and D.C. Schram, “Instantaneous and delayed responses of line intensities to interruption of the Rf power in an argon inductively coupled plasma”, Spectrochim. Acta 46B: 885 (1991).
M.C.M. van de Sanden, “The expanding plasma jet, experiments and model”, thesis Eindhoven University of Technology (1991).
M. Huang, G.M. Hieftje, “A new procedure for determination of electron temperatures and electron concentrations by Thomson scattering from analytical plasmas”, Spectrochimica Acta 44B: 291 (1989).
G.J. Meeusen, E.A. E.shov—Pavlov, R.F.G. Meulenbroeks, M.C.M. van de Sanden and D.C. Schram, “Emission spectroscopy on a supersonically expanding argon/silane plasma”, J. Appl. Phys. 71: 1 (1992).
D. Schlüter, “Die Emissionskontinua thermischer Edelgasplasmen”, Z. Phys. 210: 80 (1968).
D. Hofsaess, “Emission continua of rare gas plasmas”, JQSRT 19: 339 (1978).
S.E. Schneehage, M. Kock and E. Schulz—Sulde. Schulz—Sulde, “The continuous emission of an argon arc”, J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Phys. 15: 1131 (1982).
A.T.M. Wilbers, G.M.W. Kroesen, C.J. Timmermans and D.C. Schram, “The continuum emission of an arc plasma”, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 45: 1 (1991).
A.T.M. Wilbers, “A wall stabilized arc as a light source for spectroscopic techniques”, thesis Eindhoven University of Technology (1991).
C.J. Timmermans, G.M.W. Kroesen, P.M. Vallinga and D.C. Schram, “Plasma parameters and weakly non—ideal behaviour of a high density, super—atmospheric 2kA cascade arc in argon”, Z. Naturforsch. 43A: 806 (1988).
C.J. Timmermans, “An investigation of non—equilibrium effects in thermal plasmas”, thesis Eindhoven University of Technology (1984).
P.H.M. Vaessen, “Heat and momentum transfer from an atmospheric argon hydrogen plasma jet to spherical particles”, thesis Eindhoven University of Technology (1984).
D.C. Schram, P.H.M. Vaessen, L.U.E. Konings and G.M.W. Kroesen, “Characteristics of a spray plasma”, Proc. ISPC-7, 3: 794 (1985).
G.M.W. Kroesen, C.J. Timmermans and D.C. Schram, “Expanding plasma used for plasma deposition”, Pure and Appl. Chem. 60: 795 (1988).
G.M.W. Kroesen, “Plasma deposition: investigations on a new approach”, thesis Eindhoven University of Technology (1988).
J.J. Beulens, M.J. de Graaf, G.M.W. Kroesen and D.C. Schram, “Axial temperatures and electron densities in a flowing cascaded arc”, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 190: 311–316 (1991).
R.E.J. van den Bercken et al., private communication (internal report Eindhoven University of Technology.
A.J.M. Buuron, D.K. Otorbaev, J.J. Beulens, A.G.M. Kiers, H.M.M. de Jong, M.C.M. van de Sanden and D.C. Schram, “Absorption spectroscopy on an expanding argon arc plasma”, Conf. Second congrés europeén sur la génie des procédés plasmas thermiques, 7–9 sept. 1992, Gif—sur—Yvette.
R.F.G. Meulenbroeks, P.A.A. van der Heijden, M.C.M. van de Sanden and D.C. Schram, “Fabry—Pérot line shape analysis on a supersonically expanding argon plasma”, submitted to J. Appl. Phys..
M. Dudeck, G. Poissant, B.R. Rowe, J.L. Queffelec, and M. Morlais, “Plasma diagnostics by Langmuir probes and UV absorption”, J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 16: 995 (1983).
S. Nowak, J.A.M. van der Mullen, B. van der Sijde and D.C. Schram, “Spectroscopic determination of electron density and temperature profiles in an inductively—coupled argon plasma”, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 41: 177 (1989).
S. Nowak, J.A.M. van der Mullen and D.C. Schram, “Electron density and temperature determination in an ICP using a non—equilibrium concept”, Spectrochim. Acta 43B: 1235 (1988).
J.C.M. de Haas, Non Equilibrium in Flowing atmospheric plasmas, thesis Eindhoven University of Technology (1986).
M.J. de Graaf, R.P. Dahiya, J.L. Jauberteau, F.J. de Hoog, M.J.F. van de Sande and D.C. Schram, “Thermal plasma source of hydrogen atoms and ions”, Coll. de Phys., Coll. C5 suppl. 18, 51: 387–393 (1990).
M.J. de Graaf et al. private communication (internal report Eindhoven University of Technology).
M. Pealat, J.P. Taran, M. Bacal and F. Hillion, “Rovibrational molecular populations, atoms, and negative ions in H2 and D2 magnetic multicusp discharges”, J. Chem. Phys. 82: 4943 (1985).
B.L. Preppernau, D.A. Dolson, R.A. Gottscho and T.A. Miller, “Temporally resolved laser diagnostic measurements of atomic hydrogen concentrations in RF plasma discharges”, Plasma Chem. and Plasma Proc. 9: 157 (1989).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schram, D.C. et al. (1993). Thermal Discharges: Experiments and Diagnostics. In: Ferreira, C.M., Moisan, M. (eds) Microwave Discharges. NATO ASI Series, vol 302. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1130-8_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1132-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1130-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive