Abstract
Major breakthroughs in agricultural research occur relatively infrequently. Even when they do occur it can take many years for the new knowledge, which is often narrow in application and/or difficult to implement, to have much effect on farms. Discoveries which involve multiple disciplines and which rapidly and heavily impact on numerous areas of agricultural production are particularly rare.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahmed, A., T.A. Nelson, L.B. Daniels, E.L. Piper, and J.N. Beasley. 1982. Fescue toxicosis: progress toward identification of its cause. Arkansas Research, May-June, p. 7.
Ball, D.M., C.S. Hoveland, and G.D. Lacefield. 1996. Southern Forages ( 2nd Edition ). The Potash and Phosphate Institute and the Foundation for Agronomic Research. Atlanta, Georgia.
Ball, Donald M., Garry Lacefield, and Carl S. Hoveland. 1987. The fescue endophyte story. Special publication of the Oregon Tall Fescue Commission, Salem, OR.
Ball, Donald M., Jeffrey F. Pedersen, and Garry D. Lacefield. 1993. The tall-fescue endophyte. Amer. Sci. 81: 370–380.
Boling, J.A. 1985. Endophytic fungus and tall fescue utilization by ruminants. Prof. Anim. Sci., 1: 19–24.
Bransby, D.I., J.T. Eason, and J. Owen. 1995. Apparent synergism detected between ivermectin and synovex with stockers on infected fescue. Proc. Amer. Forage and Grassi. Conf., pp.96–98, March 12–14, Lexington, KY.
Bransby, D.I., J. Holliman, and J.T. Eason. 1993. lvermectin could partially block fescue toxicosis. Proc. Amer. Forage and Grassland Conf. p. 81–84, March 29–31, Des Moines, IA.
Bransby, D.I., S.P. Schmidt, W. Griffey, and J.T. Eason. 1988. Heavy grazing is best for infected fescue. p. 12. Highlights of Agricultural Research, Ala. Agr. Exp. Stn., Vol 35, No. 4.
Buckner, Robert C., Jerrell B. Powell, and Rod V. Frakes. 1979. Historical Development. p. 1–8. In R.C. Buckner and L.P. Bush (ed.) Tall Fescue. Amer. Soc. of Agron., Madison, WI.
Bush, Lowell, James Boling, and Shelly Yates. 1979. Animal disorders. p. 247–292. In R.C. Buckner and L.P. Bush (ed.) Tall Fescue. Amer. Soc. ofAgron., Madison, WI.
Chestnut, A.B., H.A. Fribourg, J.B. McClaren, D.G. Keltner, B.B. Reddick, R.J. Carlisle, and M.C. Smith. 1991. Effects of Acremonium coenophialum infestation, bermudagrass, and nitrogen or clover on steers grazing tall fescue pastures. J. Prod. Agric., 4: 208–213.
Clay, K., T.N. Hardy, and A.M. Hammond, Jr. 1985. Fungal endophytes of grasses and their effects on an insect herbivore. Oecologia 66: 1–5.
Coffey, K.P., L.W. Lomas, and J.L. Moyer. 1990. Grazing and subsequent feedlot performance by steers that grazed different types of fescue pasture. J. Prod. Agric. 3: 415–420.
Cole, N.A., J.A. Stuedemann, C.W. Purdy, and D.P. Hutchenson. 1987. Influence of endophyte in tall fescue pastures on the feedlot performance of feeder steers. J. Anim. Sci. 65 (Suppl. 1): 331 (abstract).
Crawford, R.J., J.R. Forwood, R.L. Belyea, and G.B. Garner. 1989. Relationship between level of endophyte infection and cattle gains of tall fescue. J. Prod. Agric. 2: 147–151.
Earle, W.E., D.L. Cross, L.W. Hudson, L.M. Redmond, and S.W. Kennedy. 1990. Effect of energy supplementation on gravid mares grazing endophyte-infected fescue. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 1: 126–130.
Essig, H.W., C.E. Cantrell, F.T. Withers, Jr., D.J. Lang, D.H. Laughlin, and M.E. Boyd. 1989. Performance and profitability of cow-calf systems grazing on EF and EI KY-31 fescue. (Preliminary report.) Proc. Tall Fescue Toxicosis Workshop, 13–14 November, Atlanta, GA, p. 61.
Funk, C.R., P.M. Halisky, S. Ahmad, and R.H. Hurley. 1985. How endophytes modify turfgrass performance and response to insect pests in turfgrass breeding and evaluation trials. p. 137–145. In. P. Lemaire (ed.) Proc 5th Int. Turf Res. Conf. Avignon. Versailles: INRA.
Garner, G.B. and C.N. Cornell. 1978. Fescue foot in cattle. p. 45–62. In: T.D. Wyllie and L.G. Morehouse (Eds.) Mycotoxic Fungi, Mycotoxins, Mycotoxicoses; An Encyclopedic Handbook. Vol. 2. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Gay, N., J.A. Boling, R. Dew, and D.E. Miksch. 1988. Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue on beef cow-calf performance. Appl. Agric. Res., 3: 182–186.
Goetsch, A.L., K.L. Landis, G.E. Murphy, B.L. Morrison, Z.B. Johnson, E.L. Piper, A.C. Hardin, and K.L. Hall. 1988. Supplements, parasite treatments and growth implants for Brahman or English crossbred steers grazing endophyte-infected or noninfected fescue 1 n the spring and fall. Prof. Anim. Sci., 4: 32–38.
Hemken, R.W., J.A. Boling, L.S. Bull, R.H. Hatton, R.C. Buckner, and L.P. Bush. 1981. Interaction of environmental temperature and anti-quality factors on the severity of summer fescue toxicosis. J. Anim. Sci. 52: 710–714.
Hemken, R.W., L.S. Bull, J.A. Boling, E. Kane, L.P. Bush, and R.C. Buckner. 1979. Summer fescue toxicosis in lactating dairy cows and sheep fed experimental strains of ryegrass-tall fescue hybrids. J. Anim. Sci., 49: 641–646.
Hoveland, Carl S. 1993. Importance and economic significance of the Acremonium endophytes to performance of animals and grass plant. p. 3–12. In R. Joost and S. Quisenberry (eds.) Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Special Issue: Acremonium/Grass Interactions. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Hoveland, C.S., R.L. Haaland, C.C. King, Jr., W.B. Anthony, E.M. Clark, J.A. McGuire, L.A. Smith, H.W. Grimes and J.L. Holliman. 1980. Association of Epichloe typhina fungus and steer performance on tall fescue pasture. Agronomy Journal 72: 1064–1065.
Hoveland, C.S., R.R. Harris, E.E. Thomas, E.M. Clark, J.A. McGuire, J.T. Eason, and M.E. Ruf. 1981. Tall fescue with ladino clover or birdsfoot trefoil as pasture for steers in northern Alabama. Ala. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 530.
Hoveland, C.S., S.P. Schmidt, C.C. King, Jr., and E.M. Clark. 1984. Association of fungal endophyte with seasonal gains of beef steers grazing tall fescue pasture. p. 382–386. In: H. Riley and A.D. Skelvag (Eds.) Proc. Eur. Grassi. Fed.
Hoveland, C.S., S.P. Schmidt, C.C. King, Jr., J.W. Odom, E.M. Clark, J.A. McGuire, L.A. Smith, H.W. Grimes, and J.L. Holliman. 1983. Steer performance and association of Acremonium coenophialum fungal endophyte on tall fescue pasture. Agron. J. 75: 821–824.
Ivy, R.L., R.R. Evans, L.R. Ballwelser, and C.P. Bagley. 1993. Gain response of stockers grazing tall fescue using three deworming regimes. Proc. Tall Fescue Toxicosis Workshop (SERAIEG-8). p. 31, October 25–26, Atlanta, GA.
Lacefield, Garry, Don Ball, and Jimmy Henning. 1993. Results of two-state survey of County Agents regarding status of endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue. p. 22–25. Proc. 49th Southern Pasture and Forage Crop Improvement Conference, Longboat Key, FL, June 14–16.
McMurphy, W.E., K.S. Lusby, S.C. Smith, S.H. Muntz, and C.A. Strasia. 1990. Steer performance on tall fescue pasture. J. Prod. Agric., 3: 100–102.
Monroe, J.L., D.L. Cross, L.W. Hudson, D.M. Henricks, S.W. Kennedy, T.C. Jenkins, and W.C. Bridges, Jr. 1988. Effect of selenium and endophyte-contaminated fescue on performance and reproduction in mares. J.Equine Vet. Sci. 8: 148–153.
Morgan-Jones, G. and W. Gams. 1982. Notes on Hypomycetes XL I. An endophyte of Festuca arundinacea and the anamorph of Epichloe typhina, new taxa in one of two sections of Acremonium. Mycotaxon 15: 311–318.
Paterson, John, and Monty Kerley. 1993. The impact of the endophyte fungus in tall fescue on beef cattle productivity. p. 13–23. In Fescue toxicosis and Management, Craig Roberts (ed.) University of Missouri special publication.
Pedersen, J.F., G.D. Lacefield, and D.M. Ball. 1990. A review of the agronomic characteristics of endophyte-free and endophyte-infected tall fescue. App. Agric. Res. 3: 188–194.
Pedersen, J.F., R. Rodriguez-Kabana, and R.A. Shelby. 1988. Ryegrass cultivars and endophyte in tall fescue affect nematodes in grass and succeeding soybean. Agron. J. 80: 811–814.
Pedersen, J.F., and D.A. Sleper. 1988. Considerations in breeding endophyte-free tall fescue forage cultivars. J. Prod. Agric., Vol. I., no. 2, pp. 127–132.
Piper, E.L., K.W. Beers, A.L. Goetsch, and Z. Johnson. 1987. Effect of grazing endophyte-infected fescue on subsequent feedlot performance of beef steers. J. Anim. Sci., 65 (Suppl. 1): 331 (abstract).
Putnam, M.R., J.P. Brendemuehl, T.R. Boosinger, D.I. Bransby, D.D. Kee, J. Schumacher, and R. A. Shelby. 1990. The effect of shourt term exposure to and removal from the fescue e endophyte Acremonium coenophialum on pregnant mares and foal viability. p. 255–258. In: S.S. Quisenberry and R.E. Joost (Eds.), Proc. Int. Symp. Acremonium/Grass Interactions, 3 November 1990, Louisiana Agric. Exp. Stn., Baton Rouge, LA.
Quigley, P.E., F.J. Snell, P.J. Cunningham, and W. Frost. 1990. The effects of endophyte infected ryegrass on the establishment, persistence, and production of mixed pastures in Australia. pp. 49–51. In Proc. of the Int. Symp. on Acremonium/Grass Interactions. 3–5 November 1990, Louisiana Agric. Exp. Stn., Baton Rouge, LA.
Read, J.C., and B.J. Camp. 1986. The effect of the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum in tall fescue on animal performance, toxicity and stand maintenance. Agron. J., 78: 848–850.
Redmond, L.M., D.L. Cross, R. Gimenez, L.W. Hudson, W.R. Earle, and S.W. Kennedy. 1991. The effect of Phenothiazine and withdrawal time on gravid mares grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 11: 17–22.
Rice, J.S., B.W. Pinkerton, W.C. Stringer, and D.J. Undersander. 1990. Seed production in tall fescue as affected by fungal endophyte. Crop Sci. 30: 1303–1305.
Roberts, Craig. 1993. The use of endophyte-free tall fescue in Missouri. p. 120–121. In Fescue toxicosis and Management, Craig Roberts (ed.) University of Missouri special publication.
Schmidt, S.P., C.C. King, Jr., C.S. Hoveland, E.M. Clark, L.A. Smith, H.W. Grimes, and J.L. holliman. 1983. Cow-calf performance as affected by fungus infestation of Kentucky-3l tall fescue pastures. J. Anim. Sci., 57 (Suppl. 1): 295 (abstract).
Schmidt, S.P., and T.G. Osborn. 1993. Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue on animal performance. p. 233–262. In R. Joost and S. Quisenberry (eds.) Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Special Issue: Acremonium/Grass Interactions. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Shelby, R.A., S.P. Schmidt, R.W. Russell, and W.H. Gregory. 1989. Spread of tall fescue endophyte by cattle. Ala. Agric. Exp. Sta. Leaflet 104.
Sutherland, B.L., and J.H. Hogland. 1989. Effect of ryegrass containing the endophyte Acremonium Iola, on the performance of associated white clover and subsequent crops. Prod. NZ Grassi. Assoc., 50: 265–269.
Strahan, S.R., R.W. Hemken, J.A. Jackson, Jr., R.C. Buckner, L.P. Bush, and M.R. Siegel. 1987. Performance of lactating dairy cows fed tall fescue forage. J. Dairy Sci., 70: 1228–1234.
Stuedemann, John A., and Carl S. Hoveland. 1988. Fescue endophyte: History and impact on animal agriculture. J. Prod. Agric., 1: 39–44.
Stuedemann, J.A., and F.N. Thompson. 1993. Management strategies and potential opportunities to reduce the effects of endophyte-infested tall fescue on animal performance. p. 1243–1244. In D.E. Hume, G.C.M. Latch, and H.S. Easton (eds.) Proc. Second International Symposium on Acremonium/Grass Interatcions: Plenary Papers, 3–6 February, 1993. Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Stuedemann, J.A., S.R. Wilkinson, D.P. Belesky, C.S. Hoveland, O.J. Devine, F.N. Thompson, H.C. Campbell, W.E. Townsend, and H. Ciordia. 1986. Effect of level of fungus and nitrogen fertilization rate of KY-31 tall fescue on steer performance. J. Anim. Sci., 63 (Suppl. 1): 290 (abstract).
Tulley, J.K., J.P. Fontenot, and V.G. Allen. 1989. Influence of endophyte infection on performance of steers grazing tall fescue with and without clover. p. 66–67. (Preliminary report.) Proc. Tall Fescue Toxicosis Workshop. 13–14 November, Atlanta.
Sutherland, B.L., and J.H. Hogland. 1989. Effect of ryegrass containing the endophyte Acremonium loll, on the performance of associated white clover and subsequent crops. Proc. NZ Grassi. Assoc., 50: 265–269.
Tucker, C.A., R.E. Morrow, J.R. Gerrish, C.J. Nelson, G.B. Garner, V.E. Jacobs, W.G. Hires, J.J. Shinkle, and J.R. Forwood. 1989. Forage systems for beef cattle: Calf and backgrounded steer performance. J.Prod. Agric., 2: 208–213.
West, C.P., E. Izekor, D.M. Oosterhuis, and R.T. Robbins. 1988. The effect of Acremonium c coenophialum on the growth and nematode infestation of tall fescue. Plant and Soil 112: 3–6.
White, Jr., J.F. 1987. Widespread distribution of endophytes in the Poaceae, Plant Disease 71: 340–341.
Woods, A.J., J.B. Jones, and P.G. Mantle. 1966. An outbreak of gangenous ergotism in cattle. Vet. Rec., 78: 742–749.
Yates, S.G., J.A. Rothfus, G.B. Garner, and C.N. Cornell. 1979. Videothermometry for assay of fescue foot in cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res., 40: 1192–1196.
Zavos, P.M., T.M. McShane, K.L. Evans, N.W. Bradley. R.W. Hemken, and M.R. Siegel. 1988. Effect of feeding tall fescue seed infected with endophytic fungus (Acremonium coenophialum) on the estrous cycle in CD-1 mice. Drug Chem. Toxicol., 11: 443–450.
Zavos, P.M., B. Salim, J.A. Jackson, Jr., D.R. Varney, M.R. Siegel, and R.W. Hemken. 1986. Effect of feeding tall fescue seed infected by endophytic fungus (Acremonium coenophialum) on reproductive performance in male rats. Theriogenology, 25: 281–289.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ball, D.M. (1997). Significance of Endophyte Toxicosis and Current Practices in Dealing with the Problem in the United States. In: Bacon, C.W., Hill, N.S. (eds) Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0271-9_62
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0271-9_62
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0273-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0271-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive