Abstract
The thalamic subdivisions that receive basal ganglia inputs gain access to wide regions of the frontal lobe. Five parallel basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops have been identified (Alexander et al., 1986). The individual output channels in the medial pallidal segment (GPm) are concerned with different aspects of behavior. Recently, the motor related cortical areas such as cingulate motor area, supplementary motor area (SMA) and premotor area, have been divided into several subareas morphologically and functionally. The striatum, especially the ventral striatum, is also heterogeneous, both neurochemically and functionally. Much attention has been given to the concept of parallel processing of information through the functionally distinct multiple channels, instead of the classical concept of a general funneling of cortical inputs from widespread cortical areas.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alexander, G.E., DeLong, M.R., and Strick, P.L., 1986, Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex, Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 9:357–381.
Barbas, H., and Pandya, D.N., 1987, Architecture and frontal cortical connections of the premotor cortex (area 6) in the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol. 256:211–228.
Dermon, C.R., and Barbas, H., 1994, Contralateral thalamic projections predominantly reach transitional cortices in the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol. 344:508–531.
DeVito, J.L., and Anderson, M.E., 1982, An autoradiographic study of efferent connections of the globus pallidus in Macaca mulatta, Exp. Brain Res. 46:107–117.
Dum, P.R., and Strick, P.L., 1991, The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe, J. Neurosci. 11:667–689.
François, C., Yelnik, J., Percheron, G., and Fénelon, G., 1994, Topographic distribution of axonal endings from the sensorimotor and associative striatum in the macaque pallidum and substantia nigra, Exp. Brain Res. 102:305–318.
Fuster, J.M., 1989, The Prefrontal Cortex (Anatomy, Physiology, and Neuropsychology of the Frontal Lobe) 2nd ed., Raven Press, N. Y.
Groenewegen, H.J., Berendse, H.W., Wolters, J.G., and Lohman, A.H.M., 1990, The anatomical relationship of the prefrontal cortex with the striatopallidal system, the thalamus and the amygdala: evidence for a parallel organization, Prog. Brain Res. 85:95–116.
Haber, S.N., Kunishio, K., Mizobuchi, M., and Lynd-Balta, E., 1995, The orbital and medial prefrontal circuit through the primate basal ganlia, J. Neurosci. 15:4851–4867.
Haber, S.N., Lynd, E., Klein, C., and Groenewegen, H.J., 1990, Topographic organization of the ventral striatal efferent projections in the rhesus monkey: An anterograde tracing study, J. Comp. Neurol. 293:282–298.
He, S.-Q., Dum, R.P., and Strick, P.L., 1995, Topographic organization of corticospinal projections from the frontal lobe: Motor areas on the medial surface of the hemisphere, J. Neurosci. 15:3284–3306.
He, S-Q., Dum, R. P., and and Strick, P. L., 1993, “Topographic organization of corticospinal projections from the frontal lobe: Motor areas on the lateral surface of the hemisphere,” J. Neurosci. 13: 952–980.
Ilinsky, I.A., Jouandet, M.L., and, Goldman-Rakic, P.S., 1985, Organization of the nigrothalamocortical system in the rhesus monkey, J. Comp. Neurol. 236:315–330.
Kayahara, T., and Nakano, K., 1995, Pallido-thalamo-motor cortical connections: An electron microscopic study in the macaque monkey, Brain Res. in press.
Kunishio, K., and Haber, S.N, 1994, Primate cingulostriatal projection: limbic striatal versus sensorimotor striatal input, J. Comp. Neurol. 350:337–356.
Lu, M.-T., Preston, J.B., and Strick, P.L., 1994, Interconnections between the prefrontal cortex and the premotor areas in the frontal lobe, J. Comp. Neurol. 341:375–392.
Luppino, G., Matelli, M., Camarda, R., and Rizzolatti, G., 1993, Corticocortical connections of area F3 (SMA-proper) and area F6 (pre-SMA) in the macaque monkey, J. Comp. Neurol. 338:114–140.
Luppino, G., Matelli M., Camarda R.M., Gallese, V., and Rizzolatti, G., 1991, Multiple representations of body movements in mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex: An intracortical microstimulation study in the macaque monkey, J. Comp. Neurol. 311: 463–482.
Lynch, J.C., Hoover, J.E., and Strick, P.L., 1994, Input to the primate frontal eye field from the substantia nigra, superior colliculus, and dentate nucleus demonstrated by transneuronal transport, Exp. Brain Res. 100:181–186.
Matelli, M., Luppino, G., and Rizzolatti, G., 1991, Architecture of superior and mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex in the macaque monkey, J. Comp. Neurol. 311:445–462.
Matsuzaka, Y., Aizawa, H., and Tanji, J., 1992, A motor area rostral to the supplementary motor area (presupplementary motor area) in the monkey: neuronal activity during a learned motor task, J. Neurophysiol. 68:653–662.
Morecraft, R., and Van Hoesen, G.W., 1992, Cingulate input to the primary and supplementary motor cortices in the rhesus monkey: Evidence for somatotopy in areas 24c and 23c, J. Comp. Neurol. 322:471–489.
Nakano, K., Hasegawa, Y., Kayahara, T., Tokushige, A., and Kuga, Y, 1993, Cortical connections of the motor thalamic nuclei in the Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata, Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg. 60:42–61.
Nakano, K., Tokushige, A., Kohno, M., Hasegawa, Y, Kayahara, T., and Sasaki, K., 1992, An autoradiographic study of cortical projections from motor thalamic nuclei in the macaque monkey. Neuroscience Res. 13:119–137.
Ray, J.P., and Price, J.L., 1993, The organization of projections from the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus to orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys, J. Comp. Neurol. 337:1–31.
Rizzolatti, G., Gentilucci, M., Camarda, R. M., Gallese, V., Luppino, G., Matelli, M., and Fogassi, L., 1990, Neurons related to reaching-grasping arm movements in the rostral part of area 6(area 6aß), Exp. Brain Res. 82:337–350.
Russchen, F.T., Amarai, D.G., and Price, J.L., 1987, The afferent input to the magnocellular division of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in the monkey, Macaca fascicularis, J. Comp. Neurol. 256:175–210.
Schell, G.R., and Strick, P.L., 1984, The origin of thalamic inputs to the arcuate premotor and supplementary motor areas, J. Neurosci. 4:359–560.
Shima, K., Aya, K., Mushiake, H., Inase, M., Aizawa, H., and Tanji, J., 1991, Two movement-related foci in the primate cingulate cortex observed in signal-triggered and self-paced forelimb movements, J. Neurophysiol 65:188–202.
Strick, P. L., Dum, R. P., and Mushiake, H., 1995, Basal ganglia ‘loops’ with the cerebral cortex, in: Functions of the Cortico-Basal Ganglia Loop, (M. Kimura, and A. M. Graybiel, eds.), Springer, New York, pp. 106–124.
Tanji, J., and Kurata, K., 1979, Neuronal activity in the cortical supplementary motor area related with distal and proximal forelimb movements, Neurosci. Lett. 12:201–206.
Van Hoesen, G.W., Morecraft, R.J., and Vogt, B.A., 1993, Connections of the monkey cingulate cortex, in: Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus: A Comprehensive Handbook, (B. A. Vogt, and M. Gabriel, eds.), Birkhäuser, Boston, pp. 249–284.
Vogt, C., and Vogt, O., 1919, Allgemeine Ergebnisse unserer Hirnforschung, J. Psychol. Neurol. 25:279–461.
Von Bonin, G., and Bailey, P., 1947, The Neocortex of Macaca Mulatta, Univ. Illinois Press, Urbana, pp. 1–163.
Wiesendanger, R., and Wiesendanger, M., 1985, The thalamic connections with medial area 6 (supplementary motor cortex) in the monkey (macaca fascicularis), Exp. Brain Res. 59:91–104.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nakano, K., Kayahara, T., Ushiro, H., Kuwabara, H. (1996). The Basal Ganglia-Thalamo-Cortical Connections with Special Reference to Output Neuronal Distributions in Macaque Monkeys. In: Ohye, C., Kimura, M., McKenzie, J.S. (eds) The Basal Ganglia V. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 47. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0194-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0194-1_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0196-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0194-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive