Skip to main content

Paleobiological and Phylogenetic Significance of Life History in Miocene Hominoids

  • Chapter
Book cover Function, Phylogeny, and Fossils

Part of the book series: Advances in Primatology ((AIPR))

Abstract

Features by which extant hominoids are distinguishable from cercopithecoids can be readily identified. Anyone schooled in primate biology could generate a comprehensive list of these features; a less comprehensive although still generally accurate list could probably be generated by any observant individual. From such a list it would not be too difficult to come up with a short characterization of hominoids that unified the various features into a few more generalized traits, abilities, and so forth. I suspect there would be sufficient conformity in these characterizations such that there would be few disagreements as to how to define a hominoid. It is surely the case, however, that character lists would become shorter and the entire exercise more challenging the further back one went into the hominoid record.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aiello, L. C. 1981. Locomotion in the Miocene Hominoidea. In: C. B. Stringer (ed.), Aspects of Human Evolution, pp. 63–98. Taylor and Francis, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alberch, P. 1990. Natural selection and developmental constraints: External versus internal determinants of order in nature. In: C. J. DeRousseau (ed.), Primate Life History and Evolution, pp. 15–35. Wiley—Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, P. 1981. Species diversity and diet in monkeys and apes during the Miocene. In: C. B. Stringer (ed.), Aspects of Human Evolution, pp. 25–61. Taylor and Francis, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, P. 1982. Ecological polarity in primate evolution. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 74: 233–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, P. 1992. Evolution and environment in the Hominoidea. Nature 360: 641–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, P., and Aiello, L. 1984. An evolutionary model for feeding and positional behavior. In: D. J. Chivers, B. A. Wood, and A. Bilsborough (eds.), Food Acquisition and Processing in Primates, pp. 429–466. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, P., and Cronin, J. E. 1982. The relationship of Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus and the evolution of the orang-utan. Nature 297: 541–546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, P., and Martin, L. 1987. Cladistic relationships of extant and fossil hominoids. J. Hum. Evol. 16: 101–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anemone, R. L., and Siegel, M. I. 1993. A longitudinal study of molar development in chimpanzees. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. Suppl. 16: 49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anemone, R. L., Watts, E. S., and Swindler, D. R. 1991. Dental development of known-age chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 86: 229–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avis, V. 1962. Brachiation: The crucial issue for man’s ancestry. Southwest. J. Anthropol. 18: 119–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beard, K. C., Teaford, M. F., and Walker, A. 1986. New wrist bones of Proconsul africanus and P. nyanzae from Rusinga Island, Kenya. Folio Primatol. 47: 97–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Begun, D. R., Teaford, M. F., and Walker, A. 1994. Comparative and functional anatomy of Proconsul phalanges from the Kaswanga Primate Site, Rusinga Island, Kenya. J. Hum. Evol. 26: 89–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behrensmeyer, A. K. 1987. Miocene fluvial facies and vertebrate taphonomy in northern Pakistan. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Min. Spec. Publ. 39: 169–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beynon, A. D., and Dean, M. C. 1987. Crown formation time of a fossil hominid premolar tooth. Arch. Oral Biol. 32: 773–790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beynon, A. D., and Dean, M. C. 1988. Distinct dental development patterns in early fossil hominids. Nature 335: 509–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beynon, A. D., and Reid, D. J. 1987. Relationships between perikymata counts and crown formation times in the human permanent dentition. J. Dent. Res. 66: 889.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beynon, A. D., Dean, M. C., and Reid, D. J. 1991. Histological study on the chronology of the developing dentition in gorilla and orangutan. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 86: 189–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boesch, C. 1991. The effects of leopard predation on grouping patterns in forest chimpanzees. Behaviour 117: 220–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boesch, C., and Boesch, H. 1989. Hunting behavior of wild chimpanzees in the Tai National Park. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 78: 547–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonis, L. de, Bouvrain, G., Koufos, G., and Melentis, J. 1986. Succession and dating of the late Miocene primates of Macedonia. In: J. G. Else and P. C. Lee (eds.), Primate Evolution, pp. 107–114. Cambridge University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonis, L. de, Bouvrain, G., and Koufos, G. D. 1988. Late Miocene mammal localities of the lower Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece) and their stratigraphic significance. Mod. Geol. 13: 141–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, W. H., and Koch, G. 1970. Determination of age in monkeys (Macaca inns) on the basis of dental development. Lab. Anim. 4: 113–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, M. S. 1984. Restitution of r-and K-selection as a model of density dependent natural selection. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15: 427–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, M. S. 1988. Evolution of life histories: Theory and patterns from mammals. In: M. S. Boyce (ed.), Evolution of Life Histories of Mammals, pp. 3–30. Yale University Press, New Haven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyde, A. 1990. Developmental interpretations of dental microstructure. In: C. J. DeRousseau (ed.), Primate Life History and Evolution, pp. 229–267. Wiley-Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bromage, T. G., and Dean, M. C. 1985. Re-evaluation of the age at death of Plio-Pleistocene fossil hominids. Nature 317: 525–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calder, W. A. 1984. Size, Function and Life History. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cartmill, M., and Milton, K. 1977. The lorisiform wrist joint and the evolution of “brachiating” adaptations in the Hominoidea. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 47: 249–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caswell, H. 1982. Optimal life histories and the age specific costs of reproduction. J. Theor. Biol. 98: 519–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekera, M. S., Reid, D. J., and Beynon, A. D. 1993. Dental chronology in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). J. Dent. Res. 72: 729.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlesworth, B. 1980. Evolution in Age-Structured Populations. Cambridge University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charnov, E. L. 1991. Evolution of life history variation among female mammals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 1134–1137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charnov, E. L. 1993. Life-History Invariants. Oxford University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheney, D. L., and Wrangham, R. W. 1987. Predation. In: B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W. Wrangham, and T. T. Struhsaker (eds.), Primate Societies, pp. 227–239. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Condit, V. K., and Smith, E. O. 1994. Predation on a yellow baboon (Papin cynocephalus cynocephalus) by a lioness in the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya. Am. J. Primatol. 33: 57–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conroy, G. C., and Mahoney, C. J. 1991. Mixed longitudinal study of dental emergence in the chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes (Primates, Pongidae). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 86: 243–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, M. C. 1987a. Growth layers and incremental markings in hard tissues: A review of the literature and some preliminary observations about enamel structure in Paranthropus boisei. J. Hum. Evol. 16: 157–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, M. C. 1987b. The dental developmental status of six juvenile fossil hominids from Koobi Fora and Olduvai Gorge. J. Hum. Evol. 16: 197–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, M. C. 1989. The developing dentition and tooth structure in hominoids. Folic Primatol. 42: 160–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, M. C., and Beynon, A. D. 1991. Histological reconstruction of crown formation times and initial root formation times in a modern human child. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 86: 215–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, M. C., Stringer, C. B., and Bromage, T. G. 1986. A new age at death for the Neanderthal child from the Devil’s Tower, Gilbraltar and the implications for studies of general growth and development in Neanderthals. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 70: 301–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, M. C., Beynon, A. D., Thackeray, J. F., and Macho, G. A. 1993. Histological reconstruction of dental development and age at death of a juvenile Paranthropus robustas specimen, SK 63, from Swartkrans, South Africa. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 91: 401–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drickamer, L. C. 1974. A ten year summary of reproductive data for free-ranging Macaca mulatta. Folia Primatol. 21: 61–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunbar, R. I. M. 1987. Demography and reproduction. In: B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W. Wrangham, and T. T. Struhsaker (eds.), Primate Societies, pp. 240–249. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Economos, A. C. 1980. Brain-lifespan conjecture: A re-evaluation of the evidence. Gerontology 26: 82–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldesman, M. R. 1982. Morphometric analysis of the distal humerus of some Cenozoic catarrhines. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 59: 73–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleagle, J. G. 1983. Locomotor adaptations of Oligocene and Miocene hominoids and their phyletic implications. In: R. L. Ciochon and R. S. Corruccini (eds.), New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry, pp. 301–324. Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Fleagle, J. G. 1988. Primate Adaptation and Evolution. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleagle, J. G., Stern, J. T., Jungers, W. L., Susman, R. L., Vangor, A. K., and Wells, J. P. 1981. Climbing: A biomechanical link with brachiation and with bipedalism. Symp. Zool. Soc. London 48: 359–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gage, T. B., and Dyke, B. 1988. Model life tables for the larger Old World monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 16: 305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galdikas, B. M. F., and Wood, J. W. 1990. Birth spacing patterns in humans and apes. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 83: 185–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodall, J. 1986. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grand, T. I. 1972. A mechanical interpretation of terminal branch feeding. J. Mammal. 53: 198–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grand, T. I. 1984. Motion economy within the canopy: Four strategies for mobility. In: P. S. Rodman and J. G. H. Cant (eds.), Adaptations for Foraging in Nonhuman Primates: Contributions to an Organismal Biology of Prosimians, Monkeys and Apes, pp. 54–72. Columbia University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, D. 1990. Aging and reproductive performance in Langur monkeys (Presbytes entelles). Am. J.’ Phys. Anthropol. 83: 253–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, T. 1987. The phylogenetic relationships of the early catarrhine primates: A review of the current evidence. J. Hum. Evol. 16: 41–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, T. 1989. New postcranial remains of Victoriapithecus from the middle Miocene of Kenya. J. Hum. Evol. 18: 3–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, P. H. 1990. Life-history variation: Size and mortality patterns. In: C. J. DeRousseau (ed.), Primate Life History and Evolution, pp. 81–88. Wiley-Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, P. H. 1991. Comparing life histories. In: S. Osawa and T. Honjo (eds.), Evolution of Life, pp. 215–228. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, P. H., and Read, A. F. 1988. How and why do mammalian life histories vary? In: M. S. Boyce (ed.), Evolution of Life Histories of Mammals: Theory and Pattern, pp. 213–232. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, P. H., and Zammuto, R. M. 1985. Patterns of mortality and age at first reproduction in natural populations of mammals. Nature 315: 319–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, P. H., Martin, R. D., and Clutton-Brock, T. H. 1987. Life histories in comparative perspective. In: B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W. Wrangham, and T. T. Struhsaker (eds.), Primate Societies, pp. 181–196. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, P. H., Read, A. F., and Promislow, D. E. L. 1989a. Life history variation in placental mammals: Unifying the data with the theory. Oxford Surv. Evol. Biol. 6: 13–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, P. H., Promislow, D. E. L., and Read, A. F. 1989b. Causes and correlates of life history differences among mammals. In: R. Foley and V. Standen (eds.), Comparative Socioecology: The Behavioural Ecology of Humans and Other Mammals, pp. 305–318. Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, P. H., Pagel, M. D., and Rees, J. A. 1991. Mammalian metabolism and life histories. Am. Nat. 137: 556–566.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, K. 1993. Life history theory and evolutionary anthropology. Evol. Anthropol. 2: 78–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horn, H. S. 1978. Optimal tactics of reproduction and life history. In: J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davies (eds.), Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, pp. 272–294. Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, K. D. 1992. Positional behavior of Pan troglodytes in the Mahale Mountains and Gombe Stream National Parks, Tanzania. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 87: 83–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurme, V. O., and van Wagenen, G. 1961. Basic data on the emergence of permanent teeth in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 105: 105–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isbell, L. A. 1990. Sudden short-term increase in mortality of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) due to leopard predation in Amboseli National Park, Kenya. Am. J. Primatol. 21: 41–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isbell, L. A. 1994. Predation on primates: Ecological patterns and evolutionary consequences. Evol. Anthropol. 3: 61–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iwamoto, M., Watanabe, T., and Hamada, Y. 1987. Eruption of permanent teeth in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Primate Res. 3: 18–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jablonski, N. G. 1993. Quaternary environments and the evolution of primates in East Asia, with notes on two new species of fossil Cercopithecoidea from China. Folia Primatol. 60: 118–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahumbu, P., and Eley, R. M. 1991. Teeth emergence in wild live baboons in Kenya and formulation of a dental schedule for aging wild baboon populations. Am. J. Primatol. 23: 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keith, A. 1923. Man’s posture: Its evolution and disorder. Br. Med. J. 1:451–454, 499–502, 545–548, 587–590, 624–626, 669–672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, J. 1986. Species recognition and sexual dimorphism in Proconsul and Rangwapithecus. J. Hum. Evol. 15: 461–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, J. 1988. A new large species of Sivapithecus from the Siwaliks of Pakistan. J. Hum. Evol. 17: 305–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, J. 1992. Evolution of apes, In: S. Jones, R. D. Martin, and D. Pilbeam (eds.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, pp. 223–230. Cambridge University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, J. 1993. Life history profile of Sivapithecus. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. Suppl. 16: 123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, J. 1994. A biological hypothesis of ape species density. In: B. Thierry, J. R. Anderson, J. J. Roeder, and N. Herrenschmidt (eds.), Current Primatology, Vol. 1: Ecology and Evolution, pp. 11–18. Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, J. 1995. Sex determination in Miocene catarrhine primates. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 96: 390–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, J., Anwar, M., McCollum, M., and Ward, S. C. 1995. The anterior dentition of Sivapithecus parvada with comments on the phylogenetic significance of incisor heteromorphy in hominoids. J. Hum. Evol. 28: 503–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuykendall, K. L. 1992. Dental Development in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and Implications for Dental Development Patterns in Fossil Hominids. Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuykendall, K. L., Mahoney, C. J., and Conroy, G. C. 1992. Probit and survival analysis of tooth emergence ages in a mixed-longitudinal sample of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 89: 379–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langdon, J. H. 1986. Functional morphology of the Miocene hominoid foot. Contrib. Primatol. 22: 1–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovejoy, C. O. 1981. The origin of man. Science 211: 341–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, A. E. 1975. Some Paleodemographic Aspects of the South African Australopithecines. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R. D., and MacLarnon, A. M. 1990. Reproductive patterns in primates and other mammals: The dichotomy between altricial and precocial offspring. In: C. J. DeRousseau (ed.), Primate Life History and Evolution, pp. 47–79. Wiley-Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, T., Takasaki, H., and Takahata, Y. 1990. Demography and reproductive profiles. In: T. Nishida (ed.), The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life History Strategies, pp. 63–97. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nissen, H. W., and Riesen, A. H. 1964. The eruption of the permanent dentition of chimpanzee. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 22: 285–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pagel, M. D., and Harvey, P. H. 1990. Diversity in the brain sizes of newborn mammals. Bioscience 40: 116–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pan, Y.-R., and Jablonski, N. G. 1987. The age and geographical distribution of fossil cercopithecids in China. Hum. Evol. 2: 59–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Partridge, L., and Harvey, P. H. 1988. The ecological context of life history evolution. Science 241: 1449–1455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, M. E. 1994. Life history and social cognition in gregarious primates: Robotic monkeys and clever lemurs? Folia Primatol. 62: 220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, R. H. 1983. The Ecological Implications of Body Size. Cambridge University Press, London. Phillips-Conroy, J. E., and Jolly, C. J. 1988. Dental eruption schedules of wild and captive baboons. Am. J. Primatol. 15: 17–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickford, M., and Senut, B. 1988. Habitat and locomotion in Middle Miocene cercopithecoids. In: F. Bourliere, J.-P. Gautier, and A. Gautier-Hion (eds.), Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons, pp. 35–52. Cambridge University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilbeam, D. 1982. New hominoid skull material from the Miocene of Pakistan. Nature 295: 232–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pilbeam, D., Rose, M. D., Badgley, C., and Lipschutz, B. 1980. Miocene hominoids from Pakistan. Postilla 181: 1–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilbeam, D., Rose, M. D., Barry, J. C., and Shah, S. M. I. 1990. New Sivapithecus humeri from Pakistan and the relationship of Sivapithecus and Pongo. Nature 348: 237–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Promislow, D. E. L., and Harvey, P. H. 1990. Living fast and dying young: A comparative analysis of life-history variation among mammals. J. Zool. 220: 417–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Promislow, D. E. L., and Harvey, P. H. 1991. Mortality rates and the evolution of mammal life histories. Acta Oecol. 12: 119–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Read, A. F., and Harvey, P. H. 1989. Life history differences among the eutherian radiations. J. Zool. 219: 329–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richard, A. F. 1985. Primates in Nature. Freeman, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ripley, S. 1979. Environmental grain, niche diversification, and positional behavior in Neogene primates: An evolutionary hypothesis. In: M. E. Morbeck, H. Preuschoft, and N. Gomberg (eds.), Environment, Behavior and Morphology: Dynamic Interactions in Primates, pp. 91–104. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, M. D. 1983. Miocene hominoid postcranial morphology: Monkey-like, ape-like, neither, or both? In: R. L. Ciochon and R. S. Corruccini (eds.), New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry, pp. 405–417. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, M. D. 1986. further hominoid postcranial specimens from the Late Miocene Nagri Formation of Pakistan. J. Hum. Evol. 15: 333–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, M. D. 1992. Kinematics of the trapezium-1st metacarpal joint in extant anthropoids and Miocene hominoids. J. Hum. Evol. 22: 255–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, M. D. 1993. Locomotor anatomy of Miocene hominoids. In: D. Gebo (ed.), Postcranial Adaptations in Nonhuman Primates, pp. 252–272. Northern Illinois University Press, De Kalb.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, M. D. 1994. Quadrupedalism in some Miocene catarrhines. J. Hum. Evol. 26: 387–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, C. R. 1987. The intrinsic rate of natural increase and reproductive effort in primates. J. Zool. 214: 199–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, C. R. 1991. Life history patterns of New World monkeys. Int. J. Primatol. 12: 481–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, C. R. 1992. Environmental correlates of the intrinsic rate of natural increase in primates. Oecologia 90: 383–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruff, C., Walker, A., and Teaford, M. F. 1989. Body mass, sexual dimorphism and femoral proportions of Proconsul from Rusinga and Mfangano Islands, Kenya. J. Hum. Evol. 18: 515–536.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sade, D. S. 1990. Intrapopulational variation in life-history parameters. In: C. J. DeRousseau (ed.), Primate Life History and Evolution, pp. 181–194. Wiley-Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaller, G. 1972. The Serengeti Lion. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B. H. 1989. Dental development as a measure of life history in primates. Evolution 43: 683–688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B. H. 1991. Dental development and the evolution of life history in Hominidae. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 86: 157–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B. H., Grummet, T. L., and Brandt, K. L. 1994. Age of eruption of primate teeth: A compendium for aging individuals and comparing life histories. Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 37: 177–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. J., Gannon, P. J., and Smith, B. H. 1995. Ontogeny of australopithecines and early Homo: evidence from cranial capacity and dental eruption. J. Hum. Evol. 29: 155–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W., and Struhsaker, T. T. (eds.). 1987. Primate Societies. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwood, T. R. E. 1988. Tactics, strategies and templates. Oikos 52: 3–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spoor, C. F., Sondaar, P. Y., and Hussain, S. T. 1991. A hominoid hamate and first metacarpal from the Late Miocene Nagri Formation of Pakistan. J. Hum. Evol. 21: 413–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanford, C. B., Wallis, J., Matama, H., and Goodall, J. 1994. Patterns of predation by chimpanzees on red colobus monkeys in Gombe National Park, 1982–1991. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 94: 213–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stearns, S. 1992. The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford University Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, J. T. 1971. Functional myology of the hip and thigh of cebid monkeys and its implications for the evolution of erect posture. Bibl. Primatol. 14: 1–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, J. T., Wells, J. P., Vangor, A. K., and Fleagle, J. G. 1977. Electromyography of some muscles of the upper limb in Ateles and Lagothrix. Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 20: 498–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strasser, E. 1988. Pedal evidence for the origin and diversification of cercopithecid clades. J. Hum. Evol. 17: 225–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Straus, W. L. Jr. 1949. The riddle of man’s ancestry. Q. Rev. Biol. 24: 200–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Struhsaker, T. T., and Leakey, M. 1990. Prey selection by crowned hawk-eagles on monkeys in the Kibale Forest, Uganda. Behay. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26: 435–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama, Y. 1994. Age-specific birth rate and lifetime reproductive success of chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea. Am. J. Primatol. 32: 311–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, W. J., Grafen, A., and Harvey, P. H. 1986. Life history correlations and demography. Nature 320: 88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swindler, D. R. 1985. Nonhuman primate dental development and its relationship to human dental development. In: E. S. Watts (ed.), Nonhuman Primate Models for Human Growth and Development, pp. 67–94. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swindler, D. R., and Beynon, D. 1993. The development and microstructure of the dentition of Theropithecus. In: N. G. Jablonski (ed.), Theropithecus: The Rise and Fall of a Primate Genus, pp. 351–381. Cambridge University Press, London.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Szalay, F. S., and Delson, E. 1979. Evolutionary History of the Primates. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsukahara, T. 1993. Lions eat chimpanzees: The first evidence of predation by lions on wild chimpanzees. Am. J. Primatol. 29: 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuttle, R. H. 1969. Knuckle walking and the problem of human origins. Science 166: 953–961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuttle, R. H. 1974. Darwin’s apes, dental apes and the descent of man: Normal science in evolutionary anthropology. Curr. Anthropol. 15: 389–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A. C., and Pickford, M. 1983. New postcranial fossils of Proconsul africanus and Proconsul nyanzae. In: R. L. Ciochon and R. S. Corruccini (eds.), New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry, pp. 325–351. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A. C., Falk, D., Smith, R., and Pickford, M. 1983. The skull of Proconsul africanus: Reconstruction and cranial capacity. Nature 305: 525–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A., Teaford, M. F., Martin, L. B., and Andrews, P. 1993. A new species of Proconsul from the Early Miocene of Rusinga/Mfangano Islands, Kenya. J. Hum. Evol. 25: 43–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C. V. 1991. The Functional Anatomy of the Lower Back and Pelvis of the Miocene Hominoid Proconsul nyanzae from Mfangano Island, Kenya. Ph.D. dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C. V. 1993. Torso morphology and locomotion in Proconsul nyanzae. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 92: 291–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C. V., Walker, A., and Teaford, M. F. 1991. Proconsul did not have a tail. J. Hum. Evol. 21: 215–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C. V., Walker, A., Teaford, M. F., and Odhiambo, I. 1993. A partial skeleton of Proconsul nyanzae from Mfangano Island, Kenya. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 90: 77–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, S. C., and Brown, B. 1986. Facial anatomy of Miocene hominoids. In: D. R. Swindler and J. Erwin (eds.), Comparative Primate Biology, Vol. 1: Systematics, Evolution, and Anatomy, pp. 413–452. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, S. C., and Pilbeam, D. 1983. Maxillofacial morphology of Miocene hominoids from Africa and Indo-Pakistan. In: R. L. Ciochon and R. S. Corruccini (eds.), New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry, pp. 211–238. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts, E. S. 1990. Evolutionary trends in primate growth and development. In: C. J. DeRousseau (ed.), Primate Life History and Evolution, pp. 89–104. Wiley-Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willoughby, D. P. 1978. All About Gorillas. Barnes, South Brunswick, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wootton, J. T. 1987. The effects of body mass, phylogeny, habitat and trophic level on mammalian age at first reproduction. Evolution 41: 732–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman, S. 1928. Age changes in the chimpanzee. Proc. Zool. Soc. London Pt. 1: 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kelley, J. (1997). Paleobiological and Phylogenetic Significance of Life History in Miocene Hominoids. In: Begun, D.R., Ward, C.V., Rose, M.D. (eds) Function, Phylogeny, and Fossils. Advances in Primatology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0075-3_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0075-3_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0077-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0075-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics