Abstract
Psychotherapy with substance abusers as we know it today is a phenomenon of essentially the decade of the 1980s. It has grown largely outside the direct contributions of psychiatry and psychology as disciplines. In fact, not too long ago those psychotherapists who specialized in the treatment of substance abuse were not accorded the same degree of respectability as those psychotherapists who treated the mainstream of psychological conditions. It was to elevate substance abuse specialization into mainstream psychotherapy that I chose to make psychotherapy with addicts the topic of my presidential address (Cummings,1979) to the American Psychological Association (APA). My goal was partially realized as widespread demand resulted in the address going into the seventh printing by the APA. The twelve-step philosophy received for the first time a psychological foundation.
Psychotherapy with non-abstinent substance abusers is difficult, if not impossible, as all understanding is soluble in alcohol or drugs. (Cummings, 1979)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andrews, L. M. (1991, June). Spiritual issues in treatment. Keynote address presented at the Annual Meeting of the Employee Assistance Society of North America (EASNA), Atlantic City.
Annis, H. (1987, October). Efffective treatment for drug and alcohol problems: Do we know? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
Buck, K., & Miller, W. R. (1986). Minimal intervention in the treatment of problem drinkers: A controlled study. Unpublished manuscript as quoted in Miller, W. R. and Hester, R. K. Inpatient alcoholism treatment. American Psychologist, 41, 794–805.
Chapman, P., & Huygens, I. (1988). An evaluation of three treatment programs for alcoholism: An experimental study with 6 and 18 month follow-ups. British Journal of Addiction, 83, 67–81.
Cummings, N. A. (1979). Turning bread into stones: Our modern antimiracle. American Psychologist, 34, 1119–1129.
Cummings, N. A. (1986). The dismantling of our health system: Strategies for the survival of psychological practice. American Psychologist, 41, 426–431.
Cummings, N. A. (1988). Emergence of the mental health complex: Adaptive and maladaptive responses. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19, 308–315.
Cummings, N. A. (1991). Outpatient versus inpatient treatment of substance abuse: Recent developments in the controversy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 13, 5.
Duhl, L. J., & Cummings, N. A. (1987). The emergence of the mental health complex. In L. J. Duhl & N. A. Cummings (Eds.), The future of mental health services: Coping with crisis (pp. 1–13). New York: Springer.
Edwards, G., Orford, J., Egert, S., Guthrie, S., Hawker, A., Hensman, C., Mitcheson, M., Oppenheimer, E., & Taylor, C. (1977). Alcoholism: A controlled trial of “treatment” and “advice.” Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 38, 1004–1031.
Feldman, D. J., Pattison, E. M., Sobell, L. C., Graham, T., & Sobell, M. B. (1975). Outpatient alcohol detoxification: Initial findings on 564 patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 132, 407–412.
Gallant, D. M., Bishop, M. P., Mouledoux, A., Faulkner, M. A., Brisolara, A., & Swanson, W. A. (1973). The revolvingdoor alcoholic: An impasse in the treatment of the chronic alcoholic. Archives of General Psychiatry, 28, 633–635.
Hayashida, M., Alterman, A. I., McLellan, A. T., Obrien, C. P., Purtill, J. J., Volpicelli, J. R., Raphaelson, A. H., & Hall, C. P. (1989). Comparative effectiveness and costs of inpatient detoxification of patients with mildtomoderate alcohol withdrawal syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, February 9, 358–365.
A. Foster Higgins, Inc. (1990). Health care costs in the 1980s Medical Benefits, 8(9), 1–2.
Holser, M. A. (1979). A socialization program for chronic alcoholics. International Journal of the Addictions, 14, 657–674.
Ito, J. R., & Donovan, D. M. (1987). Aftercare in alcoholism treatment: A review. In W. R. Miller & N. Heather (Eds.), Treating addictive behaviors: Processes of change. New York: Plenum Press.
Kandel, E. R. (1976). Cellular basis of behavior. San Francisco: Freeman.
Kiesler, C. A. (1982). Mental hospitals and alternative care: Noninstitutionalization as potential public policy for mental patients. American Psychologist, 37,349–360.
Kissin, B., Platz, A., & Su, W. H. (1970). Social and psychological factors in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 8, 13–27.
McCrady, B., Longabaugh, R., Fink, E., Stout, R., Beattie, M., & Ruggieri-Authelet, A. (1986). Cost effectiveness of alcoholism treatment in partial hospital versus inpatient settings after brief inpatient treatment: 12 month outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 708–713.
McCrady, B., Noel, N., Abrams, D., Stout, R., Nelson, H., & Hay, W. (1986). Comparative effectiveness of three types of spouse involvement in outpatient behavioral alcoholism treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 47, 459–467.
McLachlan, J. F. C., & Stein, R. L. (1982). Evaluation of a day clinic for alcoholics. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 43, 261–272.
McLellan, A. T., Luborsky, L., Woody, G. E., O’Brien, C. P., & Druley, K. A. (1983). Predicting response to alcohol and drug abuse treatments; Rule of psychiatric severity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 620–625.
Miller, W. R. (1985). Motivation for treatment: A review with special emphasis on alcoholism. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 84–107.
Miller, W. R., & Baca, L. M. (1983). Twoyear followup of bibliotherapy and therapistdirected controlled drinking training for problem drinkers. Behavior Therapy, 14, 441–448.
Miller, W. R., Gribskov, C. J., & Mortell, R. L. (1981). Effectiveness of a selfcontrol manual for problem drinkers with and without therapist contact. International Journal of the Addictions, 16, 827–837.
Miller, W. R., & Hester, R. K. (1986). Inpatient alcoholism treatment. American Psychologist, 41, 794–805.
Miller, W. R., & Hester, R. K. (1987a). Matching problem drinkers with optimal treatments. In W. R. Miller & N. Heather (Eds.), Treating addictive behaviors: Processes of change. New York: Plenum Press, 272–288.
Miller, W. R., & Hester, R. K. (1987b). The effectiveness of alcoholism treatment methods: What research reveals. In W. R. Miller & N. Heather (Eds.), Treating addictive behaviors: Processes of change. New York: Plenum Press, 102–114.
Mosher, V., Davis, J., Mulligan, D., & Iber, F. L. (1975). Comparison of outcome in a 9day and 30day alcoholism treatment program. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36, 1277–1281.
O’Briant, R., Petersen, N. W, & Heacock, D. (1977). How safe is social setting detoxification? Alcohol Health and Research World, 1(2), 22–27.
Orford, J., Oppenheimer, E., & Edwards, G. (1976). Abstinence or control: The outcome for excessive drinkers two years after consultation. Behavior Research and Therapy, 14, 409–418.
Page, R. D., & Schaub, L. H. (1979). Efficacy of threeversus fiveweek alcohol treatment program. International Journal of the Addictions, 14, 697–714.
Peele, S. (1978). Addition: The analgesic experience. Human Nature, September.
Pittman, D. J., & Tate, R. L. (1972). A comparison of two treatment programs for alcoholics. International Journal of the Addictions, 18, 183–193.
Powell, B. J., Penick, E. C., Read, M. R., & Ludwig, A. M. (1985). Comparison of three outpatient treatment interventions: A twelvemonth follow up of men alcoholics. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 46, 309–312.
Robson, R. A. H., Paulus, I., & Clarke, G. G. (1965). An evaluation of the effect of a clinic treatment program on the rehabilitation of alcoholic patients. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 26, 264–278.
Saxe, L., & Goodman, L. (1988). The efffectiveness of outpatient vs. inpatient treatment: Updating the OTA report (Health Technology Case Study 22 Update). Washington, DC: Office of Technology Assessment.
Saxe, L., Dougherty, D., Esty, K., & Fine, M. (1983). The effectiveness and costs of alcoholism treatment. (Health Technology Case Study 22). Washington, DC: Office of Technology Assessment.
Shain, M. (1991, June). A better look at constructive confrontation. Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Employee Assistance Society of North America (EASNA), Atlantic City.
Sheehan, J. J., Wieman, R. J., & Bechtel, J. E. (1981). Follow- up of a twelvemonth treatment program for chronic alcoholics. International Journal of the Addictions, 16, 233–241.
Smart, R. G. (1978). So some alcoholics do better in some types of treatment than others? Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 3, 65–76.
Smart, R. G., & Gray, G. (1978). Minimal, moderate and longterm treatment for alcoholism. British Journal of Addiction, 73, 35–38.
Smart, R. G., Finley, J., & Funston, R. (1977). The effectiveness of postdetoxification referrals: Effects on later detoxification admission of drunkenness and criminality. Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2, 149–155.
Stinson, D. J., Smith, W. G., Amidjaya, I., & Kaplan, J. M. (1979). Systems of care and treatment outcomes for alcoholic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 535–539.
Sullivan, L. (1990). Alcohol and HHealth: Seventh special report to the U S. Congress from the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services.
Walker, R. D., Donovan, D. M., Kivlahan, V. K., & O’Leary, M. R. (1983). Length of stay, neuropsychological performance, and aftercare influences on alcohol treatment outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 900–911.
Whitfield, C. L., Thompson, G., Lamb, A., Spencer, V., Pfeifer, M., & Browning-Ferrando, J. (1978). Detoxification of 1,024 alcoholic patients without psychoactive drugs. Journal of the American Medical Association, 239, 1409–1410.
Willems, P. J. A., Letemendia, F. J. J., & Arroyave, F. (1973). A twoyear follow-up study comparing short with long stay inpatient treatment of alcoholics. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 637–648.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cummings, N.A. (1993). Psychotherapy with Substance Abusers. In: Stricker, G., Gold, J.R. (eds) Comprehensive Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9782-4_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9782-4_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9784-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9782-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive