Abstract
The introduction of psychotropic medications in the 1950s and 1960s revolutionized inpatient treatment of emotional disorders, reducing the census of pyschiatric hospitals. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the emphasis on long-term inpatient treatment changed to reflect the new philosophy of returning patients as quickly as possible to their home environment. This followed the creation of community-based treatment centers established during the Kennedy administration. The community mental health movement’s attempt to limit hospitalization was made possible by advances in chemotherapy and psychosocial treatments.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akiskal, H. S., and McKinney, W. T. (1975). Overview of recent research in depression: Integration of ten conceptual models into a comprehensive clinical frame. Archives of General Psychiatry, 32 (3), 285–305.
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
Beck, A. T. (1985). Cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, psychoanalysis, and pharmacotherapy: A cognitive continuum. In M. Mahoney and A. Freeman (Eds.), Cognition and psychotherapy (pp. 325–347 ). New York: Plenum Press.
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., and Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.
Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., and Trexler, L. (1974). Measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 861–865.
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., and Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
Beck, A. T., Hollon, S. D., Young, J. E., Bedrosian, R. C., and Budenz, D. (1985). Treatment of depression with cognitive therapy and amitriptyline. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 142–148.
Bishop, S., Miller, I. V., Norman, W., Buda, M., and Foulke, M. (1986). Cognitive therapy of psychotic depression: A case report. Psychotherapy, 23 (1), 167–173.
Blackburn, I. M., Bishop, S., Glen, I. M., Whalley, L. J., and Christie, J. E. (1981). The efficacy of cognitive therapy in depression: A treatment trial using cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy, each alone and in combination. British Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 181–189.
Bowers, W. A. (1988). A comparison of three therapeutic approaches to the treatment of depression with inpatients: Cognitive therapy plus medication, relaxation therapy plus medication. Submitted for publication.
de Jong, R., Henrich, G., and Ferstal, R. (1981). A behavioral treatment programme for neurotic depression. Behavior Analysis and Modification, 23 (1), 167–287.
de Jong, R., Treiber, R., and Henrich, G. (1986). Effectiveness of two psychological treatments for inpatients with severe and chronic depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10 (6), 645–663.
Emery, G., Hollon, S. D., and Bedrosian, R. C. (1981). New direction in cognitive therapy. New York: Guilford Press.
Freeman, A. (1987). Group cognitive therapy model with inpatients. Unpublished manuscript.
Glantz, M. D. (1987). Day hospital treatment of alcoholics. In A. Freeman and V. Greenwood (Eds.), Cognitive therapy: Applications in psychiatric and medical settings (pp. 51–68 ). New York: Human Sciences Press.
Greenwood, V. B. (1987). Cognitive therapy with the young adult chronic patient. In A. Freeman and V. Greenwood, (Eds.), Cognitive therapy: Applications in psychiatric and medical settings (pp. 103–116 ). New York: Human Sciences Press.
Hibbard, M. R., Gordon, W. A., Egelko, S., and Langer, K. (1987). Issues in the diagnosis and cognitive therapy of depression in brain-damaged individuals. In A. Freeman and V. Greenwood (Eds.), Cognitive therapy: Applications in psychiatric and medical settings ( 183–197 ). New York: Human Sciences Press.
Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23, 56–62.
Hollan, S. D., and Kendall, P. (1980). Cognitive self-statements in depression: Development of an automatic thoughts questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4 (4), 41–50.
Hollon, S. D., and Beck, A. T. (1986). Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies. In S. L. Garfield and A. E. Bergin (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, Vol. Ill (pp. 443–482). New York John Wiley and Sons.
Hollon, S. D., DeRubeis, R. J., Evans, M. D., Tauson, V. B., Weimer, M. J., and Garvey, M. J. (1986). Cognitive therapy, pharmacotherapy, and combined cognitive-pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depression: Differential outcome. Unpublished manuscript. University of Minnesota and St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN.
Margolis, R. B., and Shemberg, K. M. (1976). Cognitive self-instruction in process and reactive schizophrenics: A failure to replicate. Behavior Therapy, 7, 668–671.
Meichenbaum, D. (1977). Cognitive-behavior modification: An integrative approach. New York: Plenum Press.
Meichenbaum, D., and Cameron, R. (1973). Training schizophrenics to talk to themselves: A means of developing attentional controls. Behavior Therapy, 4, 515–534.
Miller, I. V., Bishop, S. D., Norman, W. H., and Keitner, G. I. (1985). Cognitive/behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy with chronic, drug-refractory depressed inpatients: A note of optimism. Behavioral Psychotherapy, 13, 320–327.
Murphy, G. E., Simons, A. E., Wetzel, R. D., and Lustman, P. J. (1984). Cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy: Singly and together in the treatment of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 3341.
Perris, C., Rodhe, K., Palm, A., Abelson, M., Hellgren, S., Livja, C., and Soderman, H. (1987). Fully integrated in-and outpatient services in a psychiatric sector: Implementation of a new model for the care of psychiatric patients favoring continuity of care. In A. Freeman and V. Greenwood (Eds.), Cognitive therapy: Applications in psychiatric and medical settings (pp. 117–131 ) New York: Human Sciences Press.
Rush, A. J., Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., and Hollon, S. (1977). Comparative efficacy of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depressed patients. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1, 17–37.
Sacco, W. P. (1981). Cognitive therapy in-vivo. In G. Emery, S. D. Hollon, and R. C. Bedrosian (Eds.), New directions in cognitive therapy (pp. 271–287 ). New York: Guilford Press.
Schrodt, G. R., and Wright, J. H. (1987). Inpatient treatment of adolescents. In A. Freeman and V. Greenwood, (Eds.), Cognitive therapy: Applications in psychiatric and medical settings (pp. 69–82 ). New York: Human Sciences Press.
Shaw, B. F. (1980). Predictors of successful outcome in cognitive therapy: A pilot study. Paper presented at the First World Congress on Behavior Therapy, Jerusalem, Israel.
Shaw, B. F. (1981). Cognitive therapy with an inpatient population. In G. Emery, S. D. Hollon, and R. C.
Bedrosian (Eds.), New direction in cognitive therapy (pp. 29–49). New York: Guilford Press.
Simons, A. D., Garfield, S. L., and Murphy, G. E. (1984). The process of change in cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 45–51.
Weissman, A. N. (1979). The Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale: A validation study. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
Weissman, M. M., Prusoff, B. A., DiMascio, A., Neu, C., Golkany, M., and Klerman, G. L. (1979). The efficacy of drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment of acute depressive episodes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 555–558.
Wright, J. H. (1987). Cognitive therapy and medications as combined treatment. In A. Freeman and V. Greenwood (Eds.), Cognitive therapy: Applications in psychiatric and medical settings (pp. 36–50 ). New York: Human Sciences Press.
Wright, J. H., Barrett, C. L., Linder, L. H., Chase, S., Weinstein, G., and Hurst, H. (1987). Nortriptyline effects on cognition in depression, Unpublished manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bowers, W.A. (1989). Cognitive Therapy with Inpatients. In: Freeman, A., Simon, K.M., Beutler, L.E., Arkowitz, H. (eds) Comprehensive Handbook of Cognitive Therapy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9779-4_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9779-4_29
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9781-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9779-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive