Abstract
Low quality water supplies have been treated in a combined downflow filter column comprising a floating medium and a coarse sand layer at the bottom, the focus being on a comparison of inorganic coagulants and cationic polyelectrolytes as primary coagulants. In one study a commercially available organic polyelectrolyte was not as effective as polyaluminium chloride, but an experimental organic polymer having some aromatic and hydrophobic character was comparable with the inorganic coagulant for particulates uptake, and was almost as good for organics removal. In another comparison ferric chloride was less effective than highly charged organic polymers for turbidity removal. In both cases the dose of organic polymer required was much less than that of the inorganic coagulant. This poses operational disadvantages of filter run length and sludge volume for the inorganic additives.
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Bolto, B.A., Ngo, H.H., Vigneswaran, S. (1998). Drinking Water Production with a Dual Floating Medium—Sand Filter System. In: Pawłowski, L., Gonzales, M.A., Dudzińska, M.R., Lacy, W.J. (eds) Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment 3. Environmental Science Research, vol 55. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9664-3_1
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