Abstract
Cytoarchitectonic irregularities in layer IV in the cerebral cortex of the mouse, rat, and guinea pig were observed in several studies conducted in the first half of this century (DeVries, 1911, 1912; Droogleever Fortuyn, 1911, 1914; Rose, 1912, 1929; Lorente de Nó, 1922; Van Erp Taalman Kip, 1938). Considerable interest in these irregularities was kindled in the late 1960s when Woolsey (1967) found that in the mouse they formed an extended network that partially coincided with the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) as delineated by the low-resolution evoked potential technique. The significance of this network became apparent when Woolsey and Van der Loos (1970) subsequently prepared serial Nissl-stained sections that were cut parallel to the overlying pial surface (Fig. 1). They observed that layer IV contained a tangentially distributed array of cylindrical or oval-shaped multineuronal units that they dubbed “barrels.” Recognizing that the array was similar to that of the vibrissae on the mystacial pad, they hypothesized that the barrels were the “cortical correlates of the mystacial vibrissae” and that “one barrel represents one vibrissa.” They also hypothesized that the barrels
Photomicrographs of three 50-µm-thick serial, Nissl-stained sections cut tangentially through the SI cortex of a celloidin-embedded mouse brain. Small arrows indicate blood vessels used for aligning the sections. Because of the orientation, layer IV was encountered first in the anterolateral part of the barrel field which is occupied by the small round barrels observed in sections A and B. In section B, rows of cell-dense patches (broad arrowhead) in deep layer III foreshadow the appearance of the rows of larger, oval-shaped barrels in the posteromedial portion of the barrel field. Bar = 2 mm uncorrected for shrinkage. Adapted and reproduced with permission from Woolsey and Van der Loos (1970).
were a morphological manifestation in layer IV of functional cortical columns which had recently been described in the somatosensory cortex of the cat and monkey (Mountcastle, 1957; Powell and Mountcastle, 1959).
This chapter is dedicated in loving memory of my mentor and friend Hendrik Van der Loos and my colleague and friend Jan Arvidsson. This chapter is also dedicated to Dan Willi and his heroic progress in recovering from spinal injury.
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Rice, F.L. (1995). Comparative Aspects of Barrel Structure and Development. In: Jones, E.G., Diamond, I.T. (eds) The Barrel Cortex of Rodents. Cerebral Cortex, vol 11. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9616-2_1
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