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HIV Disease

Brain—Behavior Relationships

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Behavioral Aspects of AIDS

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Abstract

The earliest reports in the literature of the syndrome we now term acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) date to 1981.1,2 Although the initial focus was, and continues to be, the consequences of deficiency of cell-mediated immunity in terms of multiple opportunistic infections, and susceptibility to neoplasia such as Kaposi’s sarcoma and lymphomas, reports of neuropsychiatric complications began appearing as early as 1982. Horowitz et al.3 described nine patients with retinopathy, seven of whom had neurological involvement, which included mental status changes and seizures. These investigators commented that cerebral atrophy and focal lesions were seen on some of the computed tomography (CT) scans and that pathological findings in the three cases that went on to autopsy included acute necrotizing encephalitis with vasculitis due to cytomegalovirus (CMV), multifocal necrotizing toxoplasmosis, and multifocal cerebritis. Britton et al.4 described four homosexual men with neurological complications. Three of these patients had organic psychosis with paranoid delusions, hostility, and agitation. One of these three also had quadriparesis, resting tremor, rigidity, and dystonia. All three patients had generalized seizures. Autopsy in three of these cases showed changes consistent with encephalitis, and it was suggested that CMV was implicated. A fourth case presented with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with papovavirus being documented at biopsy.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychiatry Service, San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, California, 92161, USA

    Igor Grant, John R. Hesselink, Caroline J. Kennedy & J. Hampton Atkinson III

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA

    Igor Grant & J. Hampton Atkinson III

  3. Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA

    John R. Hesselink

  4. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA

    Caroline J. Kennedy

Authors
  1. Igor Grant
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  2. John R. Hesselink
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  3. Caroline J. Kennedy
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  4. J. Hampton Atkinson III
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    David G. Ostrow

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© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Grant, I., Hesselink, J.R., Kennedy, C.J., Atkinson, J.H. (1990). HIV Disease. In: Ostrow, D.G. (eds) Behavioral Aspects of AIDS. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9386-4_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9386-4_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9388-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9386-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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