Abstract
Venom is defined as a mixture of substances which are produced in specialized glandular tissues in the body of the venomous animal and introduced by the aid of a stinging-piercing apparatus into the body of its prey or opponent in order to paralyze and/or kill it. The academic interests in the topic of venoms (Toxinology) is substantially based on considerations concerning (a) public health, dealing with clinical pathological problems of human envenomation and (b) pharmacology-neuropharmacology, which views venoms as a potential source of useful substances for medicine, industry and biological research [1].
Keywords
- Venom Gland
- Social Wasp
- Wasp Venom
- Venomous Animal
- Alarm Substance
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Shier, W.T. and Mebs, D. (Eds.) Handbook of Toxinology, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 1990.
Zlotkin, E. In: Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology (Kerkut, E.A. and Gilbert, L.I., Eds.) Vol. 10, Pergamon, Oxford, 1985, pp. 499–546.
Hucho, F. and Ovchinnikov, Y.A. (Eds.) Toxins as Tools in Neurochemistry, de Gruyter, Berlin, 1983.
Berland, L.B. Superordre de Hymenopteroides. In: Traite de Zoologie, Vol. X(2). Masson, Paris, 1951.
Imms, A.D. A General Textbook of Entomology, Methuen, London, 1951.
Snodgrass, R.S. Principles of Insect Morphology. McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1935.
O’Connor, R. and Peck, M.L. Venoms of apidae. In: Arthropod Venoms, Edited by S. Bettini. Springer, Berlin and New York, 1978, pp. 613–659.
Rathmayer, W. Venoms of Sphecidae, Pompilidae, Multillidae and Bethylide. In: Anthropod Venoms, Edited by S. Bettini, Springer, Berlin and New York, 1978, pp. 661–690.
Piek, T. and Simon-Thomas, R.T. (1969) Parlysing venoms of solitary wasps. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 30, 13–31.
Maschwitz, U.W.J. and Kloft, W. (1971) Morphology and function of venom apparatus of insects: bees, wasps, ants and caterpillars. In: Venomous Animals and the Venoms, Vol. 3, Venomous Invertebrates. Edited by W. Bucherl and E. Buckley. Academic Press, New York, pp. 1–56.
Beard, R.L. (1978) Venoms of Braconidae. In: Arthropod Venoms, Edited by S. Bettini, Springer, Berlin and New York, pp. 778–800.
Schmidt, J.O. (1982) Biochemistry of insect venoms. Ann. Rev. Ent. 27, 339–368.
Blum, M.S. and Hermann, H.R. (1978) Venoms and venom apparatuses of the Formicidae. In: Arthropod Venoms, Edited by S. Bettini, Springer, Berlin and New York, pp. 801–899.
Beard, R.L. (1952) The toxicology of Habrobracon venom: a study of natural insecticid. Conn. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 562.
Rathmayer, W. (1962) Das Paralysierungsproblem beim Bienewolf Philanthus triangulum F. (Hym. Sphec.). Z. Vergl. Physiol, 45, 413–462.
Rathmayer, W. (1962) Paralysis caused by the digger wasp Philanthus. Nature (Lond.), 196, 1148–1151.
Steiner, A.L. (1962) Etude du comportement prédateur d’un hymenoptere sphegien: Liris nigra V.d. L. (= Notogonia pompliformis Pz), Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Ser. 12) 4, 1–126.
Murray, J.A. (1964) A case of multiple bee stings. Cent. Afr. J. Med., 10, 249–251.
Edery, H., Ishay, J. Lass, I. and Gitter, S. (1972) Pharmacological activity of oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis) venom. Toxicon 10, 13–23.
Beck, B. Bee Venom Therapy, Appleton-Century, New York, 1935.
Banks, B.E.C., Rumjanek, F.D., Sinclair, N.M. and Vernon, C.A. (1976) Possible therapeutic use of a peptide from bee venom. Bull. Inst. Pasteur 74, 137–144.
Schultz, R., Loos, M., Bub, F. and Arnold, P.I. (1980) Differentiation of hemolytically active-fluid-phase and cell-bound human Clq by an ant venom-derived polysacharide. J. Immunol. 124, 1251–1257.
Bucherl, W. Venomous chilopods or centipedes. In: Venomous Animals and their Venoms. Vol. 3 Venomous Invertebrates, Edited by W. Bucherl and E. Buckley, Academic Press, New York, 1971, pp. 169–195.
Blum, M.S. Chemical Defenses of Arthropods, Academic Press, New York and London, 1981.
Mashwitz, U. (1964) Gefahrenalarmstoffe und Gefahrenalrmierung bei sozialen Hymenopteren. Z. Vergl. Physiol. 47, 596–655.
Maschwitz, U. (1966) Alarm substances and alarm behavior insocial insects. Vitam. Horm. 24, 267–290.
Blum, M.S. and Brand, J.M. (1972) Social insect pheromones: their chemistry and function. Am. Zool. 12, 553–576.
Boch, R. and Shearer, D.A. (1966) Iso-pentyl acetate in stings of honeybees of different ages. J. Apic. Res. 5, 65–70.
Morse, R.A., Shearer, D.A., Boch, R. and Benton, A.W. (1967) Observations on alarm substances in the genus. Apis. J. Apic. Res. 6, 113–118.
Saslavsky, H., Ishay, J. and Ikan, R. (1973) Alarm substances as toxicants in the oriental hornet colony, Life Sci. 12, 135–144.
Matsura, M. and Sakagami, Sh. F. (1973) A bionomic sketch of the giant hornet Vespa mandarinia, aserious pest of Japaneses epiculture. J. Fac. Sci. Hakkaido Univ. (Ser. VI) 19, 125–162.
Gaul, A.T. (1953) Additions to vespine biology XI defence flight. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 48, 35–37.
Edery, H., Ishay, J., Gitter, S. and Joshua, H. Venoms of vespidae. In: Arthropod Venoms, Edited by S. Bettini, Springer, Berlin and New York, 1978, pp. 691–771.
Rivnay, E. and Bytinski-Salz, H. (1949) The oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis L.) its biology in Israel. Bull. Agric. Res. Sia. Rechovot, 51, 36–42.
Kuhlhorn, F. (1961) Uber das Verhalten sozialer Falten wespen (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) beim Stalleinflug, innerhalb von Viehstallen und eim Fliegenfang Z. Angew. Zool. 48, 405–422.
Ishay, J. Bytinski-Salz, H. and Shulov, A. (1967) Contributions to the bionomics of the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis. Isr. J. Ent. 2, 45–106.
Sakagmi, Sh. and Fukushima, K. (1957) Some biological oservations on a hornet Vespa tropica var pulchra, with special referene to its dependence on Polites wasps. Treubia 24, 73–82.
Piek, T. (Ed.) Venoms of Hymenoptera. Academic Press, New York, 1986.
Akre, R.D. and Reed, H.C. Biology and distribution of social Hymenoptera. In: Handbook of Natural Toxins, Volume 2 (Anthony T. Tu Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1984, pp. 3–48.
Shipolini, R.A. Biochemistry of bee venom. In: Handbook of Natural Toxins, Volume 2 (Anthony T.Tu, Ed.) Marel Dekker, New York, 1984, pp. 49–86.
Levin, I.W. Vibrational studies of model membrane — melittin interactions. In: Handbook of Natural Toxins, volume 2 (Anthony T.Tu, Ed.) Marcel Dekker, New York, 1984, pp. 87–108.
Nakajima, T. Biochemistry of vespid venoms. In: Handbook of Natural Toxins, volume 2 (Anthony, T. Tu, Ed.) Marcel Dekker, New York, 1984, pp. 109–134.
Piek, T. Pharmacology of hymenoptera venoms. In: In: Handbook of Natural Toxins, volume 2 (Anthony, T. Tu, Ed.) Marcel Dekker, New York, 1984, pp. 135–186.
Zlotkin, E. Toxins derived from arthropod venoms specifically affecting isnects. In: Comprehensive Insect Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology, volume 10 (G.A. Kerkut and L.I. Gilbert, Eds.) Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1985, pp. 499–541.
Piek, T. Insect venoms and toxins. In: Comprehensive Insect Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology, volume 10 (G.A. Kerkut and L.I. Gilbert, Eds.) Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1985, pp. 595–634.
Hider, R.C. (1988) Honey bee venom: a rich source of pharmacologically active peptides. Endevour, 12, 60–65.
Schmidt, J.O. (1995) toxinology of venoms from the honeybee genus Apis. Toxicon, 33, 917–927.
Nakajima, T. Pharmacological Biochemistry of vespid venoms. In: Venoms of the Hymenoptera (Tom Piek, Ed.) Academic Press, London, 1986, pp. 309–324.
Breithaupt, H. and Habermann, E. (1968) Mastzelldegranulierendes Peptid (MDCD-Peptid) aus Bienengift: Isolierung biochimische und pharmakologische Eigenschaffen. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol. Exp. Pathol., 261, 252–270.
Hirai, Y, Kuwada, M., Yasuhara, T., Yoshida, H. and Nakajima, T. (1979) A new mast cell degranulating peptidehomologous to mastoparan in the venom of the Japanese hornet (Vespa Xanthoptera). Chem. Pharm. Bull., 27, 1945–1946.
Yasuhara, T. Hoshida, H. and Nakajima, T. (1977) Chemical investigation of hornet (Vespa xanthoptera Cameron) venom. The structure of a new bradykinin analogue “vespakinin”. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 25, 936–941.
Haermann, E. and Jentsch, J. (1967) Sequenzanalyse des Melittins aus den tryptischen und peptischen spaltstucken. Hoppe-Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem,. 348, 37–50.
Hegner, D., Schummer, U and Schnepel, G.H. (1973) The interaction of a lytic peptide, melittin with spinlabeled membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 291, 15–22.
Bernheimer, A.W., Avigad, L.S. and Schmidt, J.O. (1980) A hemolytic polypeptide from the venom of the red harvester ant Pogomyrmex arbatus. Toxicon, 18, 271–278.
Hoffman, D.R. (1994) Alergens in hymenoptora venoms. XXVI: The complete amino acid sequences of two vespid venom phospholipases. Int. Arch Allergy Immonol, 104, 184–190.
Nakahata, W., Ishimoto, H., Mizuno, K., Ohizumi, Y. and Nakanishi, H. (1994) Dual effects of Mastoparan on intracellular free Ca+2 concentrations in human astrocytoma cells. Br. J. Pharmacol. 112, 299–303.
Radermecker, M, Louis, R., Leclecq, M., Weber, T., Corhay, J.L. and Bury, T. (1994) Cytokine modulation of basophil histamine release in wasp venom allergy. Allergy, 49, 641–644.
Dohtsu, K., Okumura, K., Higiwara, K., Palma, M.S. and Nakajima, T. (1993) Isolation and sequence analysis of peptides from the venom of Protonectarina sylveirae (Hymenoptera, Vespide). Nat. Toxins, 1, 271–276.
Kawai, N. and Hori, S. Effect of hornet venom on crustacean neuromuscular junctions. In: Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins. Vol. 2 (A. Ohsaka, K. Hayashi and Y. Sawai, Eds.), Plenum, New York, 1976, pp. 309–317.
Abe, T., Kawai, N. and Niwa, A. (1982) Purification and properties of a presynaptically acting neurotoxin, Mandaratoxin, from hornet (Vespa mandarinia). Biochemistry, 21, 1693–1697.
Piek, T., Hue, B., Le Corronc, H., Mantel, P., Gobbo, M. and Rocchi, R. (1993) Presynaptic block of transmission in the insect CNS by mono and di galactosyl analogues of vespulakinin 1, a wasp (Paravespula maculifrons) venom neurotoxin. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 105, 189–196.
Piek, T., May, T.E. and Spanjer, W. Paralysis of insect skeletal muscle by the venom of the digger wasp Philanthus triangulum F. In: Insect Neurobiology and pesticide action, Soc. Chem. Indust., London, 1980, pp. 219-226.
Piek, T. and Spanjer, W. Effects and chemical characterization of some paralysing venoms of solitary wasps. In: Pesticide and venom neurotoxicity (D.L. Shankland, R.M. Hollingworth and T. Smyth, Eds.), Plenum, New York, 1978, pp. 211–226.
Usherwood, P.N.R. and Machili, P. (1968) Phrmacological properties of excitatory neuromuscular synapses in the locust, J. Exp. Biol., 49, 341–361.
May, T.E. and Piek, T. (1979) Neuromuscular block in locust skeletal muscle caused by a venom preparation made from the digger wasp Philanthus triangulum F. from Egypt. J. Insect Physiol., 25, 685–691.
Rathmayer, W. (1966) The effect of the poison of spider and digger wasps on the prey. Mem. Inst. Butantan Simp. Int., 33, 651–657.
Piek, T., Mantel, P. and Jas, H. (1980a) Ion-channel block in insect muscle fibre membrane by the venom of the digger wasp Philanthus triangulum F. J. Insect Physiol., 26, 345–349.
Piek, T., May, T.E. and Spanjer, W. (1980b) Paralysis of locomotion in insects by the venom of the digger was Philanthus triangulum. In: Insect Neurobiology and Pesticide Action (Neurotox 79). Society of Chemical Industry, London, pp. 219–226.
Clark, R.B., Donaldson, P.L. Gration, K.A.F., Lambert, J.J., Piek, T., Ramsey, W., Spanjer, W. and Usherwood, P.N.R. (1982) Block of locust muscle glutamate receptors by δ-Philanthotoxin occurs after receptor activation. Brain Res., 241, 105–114.
Eldefrawi, A.T., Eldefrawi, M.E., Katsuhiro, K., Mansur, N.A., Nakanishi, K., Oltz, E. and Usherwood, P.N.R. (1988) Sstructure and synthesis of a potent glutamate receptor antagonist in wasp venom. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 4910–4913.
Drenth, D. (1974b) Susceptibility of different species of insects to an extract of the venom gland of the wasp Microbracon hebetor (Say). Toxicon, 12, 189–192.
Tamashiro, M. (1971) A biological study of venoms of two species of Bracon. Tech. Bull. Hawaii Agric. Exp. Stn., 70.
Piek, T. and Engels, E. (1969) Action of the venom of the wasp Microbracon hebetor Say on larvae and adults of the moth Philosamia cynthia Hubn. Comp. Biochem. Physiol,. 28, 603–618.
Piek, T., Mantel, P. and Engels, E. (1971) Neuromuscular block in insects caused by the venom of the digger wasp Philanthus triangulum L. Comp. Gen. Pharmacol, 2, 317–331.
Walther, C. and Rathmayer, W. (1974) The effect of Habrobracon venom on excitatory neuromuscular transmission in insects. J. Comp. Physio., 89, 23–38.
Piek, T., Veenendaal, R.L. and Mantel, P. (1982b) The pharmacology ofMicrobracon venom. Comp. Biochem. Physiol,. 72C, 303–309.
Rathmayer, W. and Walther, C. Mode of action and specificity of Habrobracon venom. In: Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins (A. Ohsaka, K. Hayashi and Y Sawai, Eds.) Vol. 2, Plenum Press, New York, 1976, pp. 290–307.
Deitmer, J.W. (1973) Die Wirkung des Giftes der Schlupfwespe Habrobracon hebetor (Say) auf die neuromuskulare Ubertragung am Sartoriusmuskel des Frosches. Diplomarbeit, Uniersitat Bonn.
Spanier, W., Grosu, L. and Piek, T. (1977) two different paralyzing preparations obtained from a homogenate of the wasp Microbracon hebetor (Say) Toxicon, 15, 413–421.
Quistad, G.B., Nguyen, Q., Bernasconi, P. and Leisy, D.J. (1994) Purification and characterization of insecticidal toxins from venom glands of the parasitic wasp, Bracon hebetor. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol, 24, 955–961.
Hayakawa, Y. (1994) Cellular immunosupressive protein in the plasm of a parsitized insect larvae. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 14536–14540.
Soldevila, A.I. and Jones, D. (1994) Characterization of a novel protein associated with the parazitation of lepidopeteran hosts by an endoparasitic wasp. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 24, 29–38.
Coudron, T.A. (1996) Endocrinologically active venom proteins of ectoparasitic wasps. Toxicon, 34, p. 302.
Prince, R.C., Gunson, D.E. and Scarpa, A. (1985) Sting like a bee! The ionophoric properties of melittin. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 10, 99.
Banks, B.E.C. and Shipolini, R.A. Chemistry and pharmacology of honeybee venom. In: Venoms of Hymenoptera (Tom Piek, Ed.) Academic Press, London, 1986, pp. 330–403.
Tu, A.T. (Ed.) Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 2, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1984.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zlotkin, E. (1997). The Role of Hymenopterous Venoms in Nature. In: Mizrahi, A., Lensky, Y. (eds) Bee Products. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9371-0_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9371-0_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9373-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9371-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive