Abstract
Elaborate homeostatic mechanisms have been developed for regulating the main physiological variables of body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, water balance and availability of nutrients. Major threats to an organism whether through a stress response or other insults such as infection (viral, fungal, bacterial) and noninfectious pathological causes (e.g. pancreatitis, ischemia, multiple trauma and tissue injury, haemorrhagic shock, immune-mediated organ dysfunction) elicit homeostatic responses in the major body systems; nervous, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract.
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Mathison, R., Davison, J.S., Befus, A.D. (1994). The Cervical Sympathetic Trunk-Submandibular Gland Axis in the Regulation of Inflammatory Responses. In: Berczi, I., Szélenyi, J. (eds) Advances in Psychoneuroimmunology. Hans Selye Symposia on Neuroendocrinology and Stress, vol 3. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9104-4_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9104-4_26
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