Abstract
Until recently [1–3] it has been commonly assumed in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics that “blood is blood” and blood (plasma or serum) concentrations of an endogenous or exogenous compound are practically identical, whether the blood sample is obtained from an arm artery, an arm vein, a leg vein, a pulmonary artery or a jugular vein. Such a sampling site-independent concept has apparently originated from an unrigorously tested assumption that after a bolus intravenous injection, the mixing of a substance in the entire blood circulation is extremely efficient; it was said to be complete in seconds [4, 5] or in three circulatory transit times, which is about three minutes in humans [6, 7] and much shorter in small animals [1]. The wide use of the plasma (blood) or central compartment concept in multi-compartmental or noncompartmental analysis [8–12] in the last several decades has undoubtedly contributed to the general acceptance of the above assumption.
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Chiou, W.L. (1991). The Significance of Marked “Universal” Dependence of Drug Concentration on Blood Sampling Site in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. In: D’Argenio, D.Z. (eds) Advanced Methods of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Systems Analysis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9021-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9021-4_4
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