Skip to main content

Time Pressure and Information Integration in Social Judgment

The Effect of Need for Structure

  • Chapter

Abstract

Contributions to this volume report accumulated knowledge and theory with respect to the effects of time pressure on judgment. This chapter deals particularly with social judgments, that is, our judgments and evaluations of other people. We also introduce an individual difference variable in the study of time pressure, and embed the effects of pressure in a general framework of social judgment formation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson, N. H. (1968). Likableness ratings of 555 personality trait words. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 272–279.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, N. H. (1981). Foundations of information integration theory. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechtold, A., Naccarato, M. E., & Zanna, M. P. ( 1986, June). Need for structure and the prejudicediscrimination link. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Psychological Association, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodenhausen, G. V. (1990). Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics: Evidence of circadian variations in discrimination. Psychological Science, 1, 319–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bodenhausen, G. V., & Kramer, G. P. ( 1990, June). Affective states trigger stereotypic judgments. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Society, Washington DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen-Szalanski, J. (1980). A further examination of the selection of problem solving strategies: The effects of deadlines and analytic aptitudes. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 25, 107–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, D. T., & Hixon, J. G. (1991). The trouble of thinking: Activation and application of stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 509–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson, D. W., & Zanna, M. P. (1989). Need for structure in attitude formation and expression. In A. R. Pratkanis, S. J. Breckler, & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Attitude structure and function (pp. 383–406 ). Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, M. F. (1972). The modifying effect of stimulus information on the consistency of individual differences in impression formation. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 5, 213–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, M. F. (1975). Information integration in social judgment: Interaction of judge and informational components. In M. F. Kaplan & S. Schwartz (Eds.), Human judgment and decision processes (pp. 139–171 ). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, M. F. (1976). Measurement and generality of response dispositions in person perception. Journal of Personality, 44, 179–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, M. F., & Yehl, H. M. ( 1984, May). Deservingness and equality in children’s reward allocations: Developmental trends. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruglanski, A. W. (1980). Lay epistemologic process and contents: Another look at attribution theory. Psychological Review, 87, 70–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kruglanski, A. W., & Freund, T. (1983). The freezing and unfreezing of lay-inference: Effects on impressional primacy, ethnic stereotyping, and numerical anchoring. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 448–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sieber, J. E., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1966). Some determinants of individual differences in predecision information-processing behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 561–571.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, D. D., & Ostrom, T. M. (1975). Effect of snap and thoughtful judgments on person impressions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 5, 197–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svenson, O., & Edland, A. (1987). Change of preferences under time pressure: Choices and judgments. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 28, 322–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tesser, A. (1976). Attitude polarization as a function of thought and reality constraints. Journal of Research in Personality, 10, 183–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tesser, A, & Conlee, M. C. (1975). Some effects of time and thought on attitude polarization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 262–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tesser, A., & Cowen, C. L. (1975). Thought and number of cognitions as determinants of attitude change. Social Behavior and Personality, 3, 165–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tesser, A., & Cowen, C. L. (1977). Some attitudinal and cognitive consequences of thought. Journal of Research in Personality, 11, 216–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, M. M., Naccarato, M. E., & Parker, K. H. ( 1989, June). Measuring cognitive needs: The development of the personal need for structure (PNS) and personal fear of invalidity (PFI) scales. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Psychological Association, Halifax.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kaplan, M.F., Wanshula, L.T., Zanna, M.P. (1993). Time Pressure and Information Integration in Social Judgment. In: Svenson, O., Maule, A.J. (eds) Time Pressure and Stress in Human Judgment and Decision Making. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6846-6_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6846-6_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3233-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-6846-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics