Abstract
Wood and charcoal samples from the Roman harbor on the Red Sea coast of Egypt were analyzed. In addition to the use of locally available wood resources, especially acacia (Acacia tortilis) and mangrove (Avicennia marina), the presence of teakwood (Tectona grandis) from India could be demonstrated. Trade routes to the Mediterranean, central Europe and possibly the Nile valley were confirmed by finds of pine (Pinus halepensis/pinea), elm (Ulmus sp.), cork oak (Quercus suber), vibernum (Viburnum sp.) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Cappers, R. T. J. (1996). The botanical remains. In ( S. E. Sidebotham and W. Z. Wendrich, eds.) Berenike 1995, Preliminary Report of the excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea coast) and the survey of the Eastern Desert. Leiden: Centre of Non-Westem Studies, pp. 319–336.
Cappers, R. T. J. ( 1998 a). The botanical remains. In (S. E. Sidebotham and W. Z. Wendrich, eds.) Berenike 1996, Preliminary Report of the excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea coast) and the survey of the Eastern Desert. Leiden: Centre of Non-Western Studies, pp. 289–320.
Cappers, R. T. J. Botanical contribution to the analysis of subsistence and trade at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea coast). In (O. Kaper, ed.) Life on the Fringe. Leiden: Centre of Non-Western Studies, pp. 75–86.
Cappers, R. T. J. (in prep). The botanical remains. In (S. E. Sidebotham and W. Z. Wendrich, eds.) Berenike 1997, Preliminary Report of the excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea coast) and the survey of the Eastern Desert. Leiden: Centre of Non-Western Studies.
Cappers, R. T. J. (this volume). Trade and subsistence at the Roman port of Berenike, Red Sea coast, Egypt. In (M. van der Veen, ed.) The Exploitation of Plant Resources in Ancient Africa. New York: Plenum Press.
Casson, L. (1989). The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Text with introduction, translation and commentary. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Chudnoff, M. (1984). Tropical Timbers of the World. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook Number 607.
Clifford, N. C. E. (1957). limber Identification for the Builder and Architect. London: Leonard Hill.
Fahn, A., Werker E., and Baas, P. (1986). Wood Anatomy and Identification of Trees and Shrubs from Israel and Adjacent Regions. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
LaPasha, C. A. (1987). General Unknown Entry and Search System. User’s Guide. North Carolina. Bulletin 474A (supplement to 474 ). Raleigh: North Carolina State University, DEpt. of Wood and Paper Science.
Maydell, H. J. von (1990). Trees and Shrubs of the Sahel. Their Characteristics and Uses. Weikersheim: Verlag Josef Margraf.
Neumann, K. (1989). Zur Vegetationsgeschichte der Ostsahara im Holozän. Holzkohlen aus prähistorischen Fundstellen. In ( R. Kuper, ed.) Forschungen zur Umweltgeschichte der Ostsahara. Köln: Heinrich Barth Institut, pp. 13–181.
Schweingruber, F. H. (1978). Microscopic Wood Anatomy. Birmensdorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Forestry Research.
Schweingruber, F. H. (1990). Anatomy of European Woods. Bern and Stuttgart: Swiss Federal Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research and Paul Haupt Publishers.
Sidebotham, S. E. and Wendrich, W. Z. (1995). Berenike 1994. Preliminary report of the 1994 excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert. Leiden, Centre of Non-Western Studies.
Sidebotham, S. E. and Wendrich, W. Z. (1996). Berenike 1995. Preliminary report of the 1995 excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert. Leiden, Centre of Non-Western Studies.
Sidebotham, S. E. and Wendrich, W. Z. (1998). Berenike 1996. Preliminary report of the 1996 excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) and the Survey of the Eastern Desert. Leiden, Centre of Non-Western Studies.
Vermeeren, C. (1998). The wood and charcoal. In: ( S. E. Sidebotham and W. Z. Wendrich, eds.) Berenike 1996, Preliminary Report of the excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea coast) and the survey of the Eastern Desert. Leiden: Centre of Non-Westem Studies.
Vermeeren, C. (in press). Acacia, mangrove and teak from Roman Berenike, Kalalat and Shenshef. In (S. E. Sidebotham and W. Z. Wendrich, eds.) Berenike 1997, Preliminary Report of the excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea coast) and the survey of the Eastern Desert. Leiden: Centre of Non-Western Studies.
Vermeeren, C. (in prep.). The wood and charcoal. In (S. E. Sidebotham and W. Z. Wendrich, eds.) Berenike 1998, Preliminary Report of the excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea coast) and the survey of the Eastern Desert. Leiden: Centre of Non-Western Studies.
Wheeler, E. A., Baas, R. and Gasson, P. E. (1989). IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. IAWA Bulletin n.s. 10 (3), 219–332.
Wheeler, E. A., Pearson, R. G., LaPasha, C. A., Zack, T. and Hatley, W. (1986). Computer Aided Wood Identification. Reference Manual. North Carolina, Bulletin 474. Raleigh: North Carolina State University, Dept. of Wood and Paper Science.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vermeeren, C. (1999). The Use of Imported and Local Wood Species at the Roman Port of Berenike, Red Sea Coast, Egypt. In: van der Veen, M. (eds) The Exploitation of Plant Resources in Ancient Africa. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6730-8_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6730-8_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3316-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-6730-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive