Skip to main content

Selenium in the environment

  • Chapter
Selenium in Food and Health

Abstract

Metals and metalloids are a natural part of the environment and life has evolved in contact with them ever since it first appeared on the surface of the planet. This is no less true of the life of humans and other animal species than it is of plants, bacteria and all other organisms. A balance, in coexistence and even in exploitation, has been developed between living matter and the elements. Sometimes organisms have had to protect themselves against chemically aggressive elements, either by the development of defensive mechanisms or by simple withdrawal from proximity. However, on the whole, the arrangement has been a remarkable success. Indeed, without metals and metalloids, life as we know it would be impossible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Nriagu, J.O. (1988) A silent epidemic of environmental metal poisoning? Environmental Pollution, 50, 139–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Shacklette, H.T. and Boerngen, J.G. (1984) Element concentrations in soils and other surface materials of the coterminous United States. US Geological Survey Professional Paper, No. 1270, US Geological Survey, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Trelease, S.F. (1945) Selenium in soils, plants and animals. Soil Science, 60, 125–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yang, G., Zhou, R., Yin, S., et al. (1989) Studies of safe maximal daily dietary selenium intake in a seleniferous area in China. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease, 3, 77–87.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Finch, M. and Ryan, P. (1966) Soils of County Limerick. Soil Survey Bulletin, No. 16, Irish Agricultural Institute, Dublin.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Tarn, S., Chow, A. and Hadley, D. (1995) Effects of organic component on the immobilization of selenium on iron hydroxides. Science of the Total Environment, 164, 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Allaway, W.H. (1973) Selenium in the food chain. Cornell Veterinarian, 63, 151–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. World Health Organization (1987) Selenium: Environmental Health Criteria 58, World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Frost, D.V. (1972) The two faces of selenium —can selenophobia be cured?, in CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology (ed. Hemphill, D.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 467–514.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Shrift, A. (1964) A selenium cycle in nature. Nature (London), 201, 1304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Satathchandra, K. and Heller, W. (1981) Oxidation of elemental selenium to selenite by Bacillus megaterium. Science, 211, 600–1.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kivisaari, S. and Vermeulen, S. (1995) Assessment of selenium in the agronomy sector, in Proceedings of the Selenium-Tellurium Development Association’s 5th International Symposium, Brussels, 8–10 May 1994, Selenium-Tellurium Development Association, Grimbergen, pp. 95–102.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Food and Drug Administration (1993) Food Additives Permitted in Feed and Drinking Water of Animals: Selenium; Stay of the 1987 Amendments; Final Rule, 21 CFR Parts 558 and 573, Part IV, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Vuori, E., Vääriskoski, J., Hartikainen, H., et al. (1994) A long-term study of selenate sorption in Finnish cultivated soils. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 48, 91–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Clark, D.R. (1987) Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater. Science of the Total Environment, 66, 147–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Deveral, S.J., Gilliom, R.J., Fujii, R., et al. (1984) Area Distribution of Selenium and Other Inorganic Constituents in Shallow Ground Water of the San Luis Drain Service Area, San Joaquin Valley, California: a Preliminary Study, US Geological Survey Water Resources Investigative Report 84-4319.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ohlendorf, H.M. (1989) Bioaccumulation and effects of selenium in wildlife, in Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment (ed. Jacobs, L.W.), SSSA Special Publication No. 23, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science, Madison, WI, pp. 133–77.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ohlendorf, H.M., Marois, K.C., Lowe, R.W., et al. (1990) Bioaccumulation of selenium in birds at Kesterton Reservoir, California. Archives of Environmental Toxicology and Contamination, 19, 495–507.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lemley, A.D. (1993) Teratogenic effects of selenium in natural populations of freshwater fish. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 26, 181–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Fan, A.M., Book, S.A., Neutra, R.R., et al. (1988) Selenium and human health implications in California’s San Joaquin Valley. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 23, 539–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. University of California Agricultural Issues Center (1988) Selenium, Human Health and Irrigated Agriculture, University of California, Davis, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  22. US Environmental Protection Agency (1987) Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Selenium— 1987, EPA-440/5-87-006, Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Tidball, R.R., Severson, R.C., Presser, T.S., et al. (1991) Selenium sources in the Diablo Range, western Fresno County, California, in Proceedings of the 1990 Billings Land Reclamation Symposium on Selenium in Arid and Semiarid Environments, Western United States, US Geological Survey Circular 1064, US Geological Survey, Denver, CO, pp. 107–14.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (1994) Risks and Benefits of Selenium in Agriculture, Issue Paper Supplement No. 3, CAST, Ames, IA, pp. 14–16.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Grimes, D.W. and Henderson, D.W. (1986) Crop water use from a shallow water table. Proceedings Paper, No. 86-2060, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Burau, R.G. (1989) Selenium in arid and semi-arid soils. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 115, 42–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Biggar, J.W., Tillotson, W.R., Rolston, D.E. and Nielsen, D.R. (1987) Selenium in crops grown on soil with established selenium distribution, in Selenium Contents in Animal and Human Food Crops Grown in California, Publication No. 3330, 47–50, University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Fuji, R., Hatfield, D.B. and Deverel, S.J. (1988) Distribution of selenium in soils of agricultural fields, Western San Joaquin Valley, California. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52, 1274–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Yang, G., Wang, S., Zhou, R., et al. (1983) Endemic selenium intoxication of humans in China. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 37, 872–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Subramanian, R. and Muhuntha, A. (1993) Blood and hair as an indicator of the selenium toxicity in buffaloes of the Karnal area, in Trace Elements in Man and Animals—TEMA 8 (ed. Anke, M., Meissner, D. and Mills, C.F.), Verlag Media Touristik, Gersdorf, pp. 1100–3.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Arora, S.P., Kaur, P., Khiwar, S.S., et al. (1975) Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 28, 249–53.

    Google Scholar 

  32. US National Academy of Science/National Research Council (1976) Selenium, NAS/NRC, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Thomson, CD. and Robinson, M.F. (1980) Selenium in human health and disease with emphasis on those aspects peculiar to New Zealand. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 33, 303–23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. US Food and Drug Administration (1973) Selenium in animal feed. Proposed food additive regulation. Federal Register, 38, 10458 (Friday, April 27, 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  35. US Food and Drug Administration (1974) Food Additives. Selenium in animal feed. Federal Register, 39, 1355. (Tuesday, January 8, 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  36. US Food and Drug Administration (1993) Food additives permitted in feed and drinking water of animals: selenium; stay of the 1987 amendments; final rule. Federal Register, 58, 47962–73 (Monday, September 13, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Groce, A.W., Miller, E.R., Keahey, K.K., et al. (1971) Selenium supplementation of practical diets for growing-finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science, 32, 905–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ullrey, D.E., Dado, R.G., DeBar, S.R., et al. (1992) personal communication, cited in Ref. 24.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Butler, H.G. and Peterson, P.J. (1961) Aspects of fecal excretion of selenium by sheep. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 4, 484–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Stowe, H.D. (1992) Personal communication with D.E. Ullrey, Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, cited in Ref. 24.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Gupta, U.C. and Watkinson, J.H. (1985) Agricultural significance of selenium. Outlook and Agriculture, 14, 183–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Norman, B.B., Nader, G., Oliver, M., et al. (1992) Effects of selenium supplementation in cattle on aquatic ecosystems in California. Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association, 201, 869–72.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Watkinson, J.H. (1977) Influence of soil Se on the Se level in human blood in New Zealand, in Trace Elements in Human and Animal Health and Diseases in New Zealand (ed. Kjellström, T. and Aggett, J.), Waikato University Press, Hamilton, New Zealand, pp. 89–102.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Thomson, C.D., Robinson, M.F., Butler, J.A. and Whanger, P.D. (1993) Long-term supplementation with selenate and selenomethionine: selenium and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in blood components of New Zealand women. British Journal of Nutrition, 69, 577–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Thomson, C.D. (1992) Is there a case for selenium supplementation in New Zealand? in Fifth International Symposium on Selenium in Biology and Medicine, Abstracts, July 20–23, 1992, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, p. 152.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Andrews, E.D., Hartley, W.J. and Grant, A.B. (1968) Selenium-responsive diseases of animals in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 16, 3–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Luoma, P.V., Nayha, S., Sikkila, K. and Hassi, J. (1995) High serum α-tocopherol, albumin, selenium and cholesterol and low mortality from coronary heart disease in northern Finland. Journal of Internal Medicine, 237, 49–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Pyyko, K., Tuimala, R., Kroneld, R., et al. (1988) Effect of selenium supplementation to fertilizers on the selenium status of the population in different parts of Finland. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 42, 571–9.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Edelmann, K. (1993) Optimization of the selenium flow to man. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Supplement, No. 11, 183–7.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Koivistoinen, P. (1986) Selenium deficiency in Finnish foods and nutrition. Acta Ecologica et Toxicologica, 59, Suppl. VII, 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Wehr, J.D. and Brown, L.M. (1985) Selenium requirements of a bloom-forming planktonic alga from softwater and acidified lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 42, 1783–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. McNeal, J.M. and Balistrieri, L.S. (1989) Geochemistry and occurrence of selenium: an overview, in Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment (ed. Jacobs, L.W.), SSSA Special Publication No. 23, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science, Madison, WI, 178–202.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Sandholm, M., Oksanen, H.E. and Pesonen, L. (1973) Uptake of selenium by aquatic organisms, Limnology and Oceanography, 18, 496–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Alfthan, G. (1993) Effects of selenium fertilization on the human selenium status and the environment. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Supplement, No. 11, 175–81.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Aro, A. (1995) Effects of selenium supplementation of fertilizers in human nutrition, in Proceedings of the Selenium-Tellurium Development Associations 5 th International Symposium, Brussels, 8–10 May, 1994, Selenium-Tellurium Development Association, Grimbergen, pp. 85–7.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Oster, O. and Prellwitz, W. (1989) The daily dietary selenium intake of West German adults. Biological Trace Element Research, 20, 1–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Hartfiel, W. and Schulte, W. (1988) Selenmangel in der Bundesrepublik (II). Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin Klinik und Praxis, 13, 77–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Wasowicz, W. (1995) Selenium in Eastern European countries. Poland as an example, in Proceedings of the Selenium-Tellurium Development Association’s 5th International Symposium, Brussels, 8–10 May 1994, Selenium-Tellurium Development Association, Grimbergen, pp. 163–70.

    Google Scholar 

  59. US National Academy of Science/National Research Council (1971) Selenium, in Medical and Biological Effects of Environmental Pollutants, NAS/NRC, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  60. Herring, J.R. (1991) Selenium geochemistry—a conspectus, in Proceedings of the 1990 Billings Land Reclamation Symposium on Selenium in Arid and Semiarid Environments, Western United States, US Geological Survey Circular 1064, US Geological Survey, Denver, CO, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Rosenfeld, I. and Beath, O.A. (1964) Selenium Geobotany, Biochemistry, Toxicity and Nutrition, Academic Press, New York, p. 47.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Byers, H.G. (1937) Selenium in Mexico. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 29, 1200–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Müller, M., Thiel, G, Anke, M., et al. (1993) Cadmium intake of adults in Germany, in Trace Elements in Man and Animals—TEMA 8 (ed. Anke, M., Meissner, D. and Mills, C.F.), Verlag Media Touristik, Gersdorf, pp. 211–5.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Li, C.-S., Hsu, L.-H. and Chuang, Y.-Y.T. (1993) Elemental profiles of indoor and outdoor particulate matter less than 10 μ m (PM10) and 2.5 μ m (PM2.5) in Taipei. Chemosphere, 27, 2143–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Ornes, W.H. and Sajwan, K.S. (1991) Bioaccumulation of selenium by floating aquatic plants. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 57-58, 53–7.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Gutenmann, W.H., Doss, G.J. and Lisk, D.J. (1993) Selenium in Swiss chard grown on sewage sludge-cement kiln dust amended soil. Chemosphere, 27, 1461–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Baird, R.B., Pourian, S. and Gabrielian, S.M. (1972) Determination of trace amounts of selenium in waste waters by carbon rod atomization. Analytical Chemistry, 44, 1887–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Gutenmann, W.H., Rutzke, M., Kuntz, H.T. and Lisk, D.J. (1994) Elements and polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage sludges of large cities in the United States. Chemosphere, 28, 725–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Buchanan, B.B., Leighton, T., Liu, J., et al. (1992) Bioremediation of selenium using the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, in Fifth International Symposium on Selenium in Biology and Medicine, Abstracts, July 20–23, 1992, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, p. 30.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Paulsson, K. and Lundbergh, K. (1995) Selenium treatment of mercury-contaminated water systems, in Proceedings of the Selenium-Tellurium Development Associations 5th International Symposium, 8–10 May 1994, Brussels, Selenium-Tellurium Development Association, Grimbergen, pp. 287–90.

    Google Scholar 

  71. US Department of Health and Human Services (1981) Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards, Guideline Data Sheets for Selenium Compounds as Se, Selenium Hexafluoride and Hydrogen Selenide, US Department of Labor DHHSA (NIOSH) Publication 81–123, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Occupational Health and Safety Administration (1983) Hazard Communication Standard, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Part 1910.1200, Occupational Health and Safety Administration, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Selenium-Tellurium Development Association (1993) Information on Uses, Handling and Storage of Selenium, Selenium-Tellurium Development Association, Grimbergen.

    Google Scholar 

  74. OSHA (1981) Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Chapter XVII, Part 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, 1910.1000, Air Contaminants, amended by 46 FR 32021, June 19, 1981, Occupational Health and Safety Administration, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  75. ACGIH (1969) Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Workroom Environment, American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Foa, V., Alessio, L., Chiesura, P., et al. (1978) in Atti 41 Congresso Nazionale della Societa Italiana di Medicina del Lavoro ed Igiene Industriale, Monduzzi, Bologna, p. 175.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Glover, J.R. (1972) Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety: Selenium and Its Compounds, Vol. II, International Labor Office/McGraw-Hill, New York, p. 1294.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Wilber, C. (1980) Toxicology of selenium: a review. Clinical Toxicology, 17, 171–230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Holness, D.L., Taraschuk, I.G. and Nethercott, J.R. (1989) Health status of copper refinery workers with specific reference to selenium exposure. Archives of Environmental Health, 44, 291–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Canella, J.M. (1976) Surveillance of employees in selenium alloying operations, in Proceedings of the Symposium on Selenium-Tellurium in the Environment, Industrial Health Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 343–8.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Badiello, R. and Raffi, G.B. (1992) Occupational health hazards involving selenium, in Fifth International Symposium on Selenium in Biology and Medicine, Abstracts, July 20–23, 1992, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, p. 123.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Badiello, R. and Raffi, G.B. (1995) Occupational health hazard involving selenium, in Proceedings of the Selenium-Tellurium Development Associations 5th International Symposium, 8–10 May, 1994, Brussels, Selenium-Tellurium Development Association, Grimbergen, pp. 301–4.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Steinberger, H., Thumm, W., Freitag, R., et al. (1995) Environmental and health aspects of copper-indium-diselenide thin-film photovoltaic modules, in Proceedings of the Selenium-Tellurium Development Association’s 5th International Symposium, 8–10 May 1994, Brussels, Selenium-Tellurium Development Association, Grimbergen, pp. 305–10.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Reilly, C. (1996). Selenium in the environment. In: Selenium in Food and Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6494-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6494-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-6496-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-6494-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics