Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Selenium in food

  • Chapter
Selenium in Food and Health

Abstract

Compared with several other inorganic components of food, selenium has received relatively little attention in the technical literature until recently. While there is an extensive literature on metals, such as iron, zinc and mercury, whose significance for food quality and legislation has been recognised for many years, selenium is a newcomer in the field and, as such, is still neglected in the non-medical journals. In contrast to the enormous volume of writing on its biomedical aspects, there is a dearth of published information on selenium as a food component and on its significance to the food technologist and the practical nutritionist. Because of this absence of directly pertinent material, it is appropriate here to provide an introduction to this section, which relies heavily on data derived from investigations of better known elements, but which can often, pari passu, be applied to selenium.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Reilly, C. (1991) Metal Contamination of Food, 2nd edn., Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 5–7.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Borocz-Szabo, M. (1980) Effects of metals on sensory qualities of food. Acta Alimentaria, 9, 341–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gulta, U.C., McRae, K.B. and Winter, K.A. (1988) Selenium enrichment of crops through foliar applications. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 68, 519–26.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Lisk, D. (1972) Trace metals in soils, plants and animals. Advances in Agronomy, 24, 267–320.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Reilly, A. and Reilly, C. (1973) Zinc, lead and copper tolerance in the grass Stereochlaena cameronii. New Phytologist, 72, 1041–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Williams, C.H. and David, D.J. (1973) Heavy metals in Australian agricultural soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 11, 43–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hammer, D.I., Finklea, J.F., Creason, J.P., et al. (1971) Cadmium exposure and human health effects, in Trace Substances in Environmental Health (ed. Hemphill, D.D.), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, pp. 269–87.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Alfthan, G. (1988) Longitudinal study on the selenium status of healthy adults in Finland during 1975–1984. Nutrition Research, 8, 467–76.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Berrow, M.L. and Webber, J. (1972) The use of sewage sludge in agriculture. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 23, 93–100.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Capon, C.J. (1981) Mercury and selenium content and chemical form in vegetable crops grown on sludge-amended soil. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 10, 673–89.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Strenstrom, T. and Vahter, M. (1974) Heavy metals in sewage sludge for use on agricultural soil. Ambio, 3, 91–2.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Harrison, R.M. (1978) Metals in household dust. Science of the Total Environment, 8, 89–97.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Whitman, W.E. (1978) Interactions between structural materials in food plant, and foodstuffs and cleaning agents. Food Progress, 2, 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Rees, N. and Tennant, D. (1994) Estimations of food chemical intake, in Nutritional Toxicology (ed. Kotsonis, N.M., Mackey, M. and Hjelle, J.J.), Raven Press, New York, 199–221.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Schmidt, A. M. (1976) The development of food legislation in the UK, in Food Quality and Safety: a Century of Progress. Proceedings of the Symposium Celebrating the Centenary of the Sale of Foods and Drugs Act 1875, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food/Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London.

    Google Scholar 

  16. National Health and Medical Research Council (1987) Foods Standards Code, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Becker, N. (1993) Revised draft standard on vitamins and minerals. Food Australia, 45, 426–7.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Arens, U. (1993) Back to square one on micronutrient labelling. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin, 18, 154–7.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lindsay, D.G. (1986) Estimation of dietary intake of chemicals in food. Food Additives and Contaminants, 3, 71–88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. World Health Organization (1987) Principles for the Safety Assessment of Food Additives and Contaminants in Food, Environmental Health Criteria Document No. 70, World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Yang, G., Wang, S., Zhou, R. and Sun, S. (1983) Endemic selenium intoxication of humans in China. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 37, 872–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Rubery, E.D., Barlow, S.M. and Steadman, J.H. (1990) Criteria for setting quantitative estimates of acceptable intakes of chemicals in food in the UK. Food Additives and Contaminants, 7, 287–302.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Babich, H. and Davis, D.L. (1981) Food tolerances and action levels: do they adequately protect children? Bioscience, 31, 429–38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Combs, G.F., Clark, L.C. and Turnbull, B.W. (1992) Responses to selenium supplementation in Americans, in Fifth International Symposium on Selenium in Biology and Medicine, Abstracts, July 20–23, 1992, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, p. 126.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Abernathy, C.O. (1992) Risk assessment of essential trace elements, in Fifth International Symposium on Selenium in Biology and Medicine, Abstracts, July 20–23, 1992, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, p 29.

    Google Scholar 

  26. National Health and Medical Research Council/Agricultural and Resources Management Council of Australia and New Zealand (1994) Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (Draft), Fact Sheet No. 62, National Health and Medical Council, Canberra, pp. 141–2.

    Google Scholar 

  27. McCabe, L.J., Symons, J.M., Lee, R.D. and Robeck, G.G. (1970) Survey of community water supply systems. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 62, 670–87.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Yang, G., Zhou, R., Yin, S., et al. (1989) Studies of safe maximal daily dietary selenium intake in a seleniferous area of China. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease, 3, 77–87.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Levander, O.A. and Morris, V.C. (1984) Selenium levels needed to maintain balance in North American adults consuming selfselected diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 39, 809–815.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jaffe, W. (1992) Selenio, un elemento esencial y toxico, datos de Latinoamerica. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion, 43, 90–3.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Subramanian, R. and Muhuntha, A. (1993) Soil-fodder-animal relationship of selenium toxicity in buffaloes, in Trace Elements in Man and Animals—TEMA 8 (ed. Anke, M., Meissner, D. and Mills, C.F.), Verlag Media Touristik, Gersdorf, pp. 498–501.

    Google Scholar 

  32. McDowell, L.R. (1993) Soil, plant, animal relationship and environmental aspects of trace elements, in Trace Elements in Man and Animals— TEMA 8 (ed. Anke, M., Meissner, D. and Mills, C.F.), Verlag Media Touristik, Gersdorf, pp. 413–21.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Petrikova, V., Ustjak, S. and Roch, J. (1993) Heavy metal contamination of agricultural crops and soils in Northern Bohemia, in Trace Elements in Man and Animals—TEMA 8 (ed. Anke, M., Meissner, D. and Mills, C.F.), Verlag Media Touristik, Gersdorf, pp. 496–7.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Protsch, C., Anke, M. and Krämer, K. (1993) Copper intake of adults in Freiberg (Saxony) and Germany, in Trace Elements in Man and Animals— TEMA 8 (ed. Anke, M., Meissner, D. and Mills, C.F.), Verlag Media Touristik, Gersdorf, pp. 245–6.

    Google Scholar 

  35. McDowell, L. R. (1985) Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Aro, A. (1994) Effects of selenium supplementation of fertilizers in human nutrition, in Proceedings of the Fifth Selenium-Tellurium Development Association International Symposium, Brussels, May 8–10, 1994, pp. 85-87.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Thomson, C.D. and Robinson, M.F. (1986) Selenium in human health and disease with emphasis on those aspects peculiar to New Zealand. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 33, 303–23.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Strenstrom, T. and Vahter, M. (1974) Heavy metals in sewage sludge for use on agricultural soil. Ambio, 3, 91–2.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Capon, C.J. (1981) Mercury and selenium content and chemical form in vegetable crops grown on sludge-amended soil. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 10, 673–89.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Gutenmann, W.H., Rutzke, M., Kuntz, H.Y. and Lisk, D.J. (1994) Elements and polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage sludges of large cities in the United States. Chemosphere, 28, 725–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. United States Environmental Protection Agency (1981) Land Application of Municipal Sludge for the Production of Fruits and Vegetables—a Statement of Federal Policy and Guidance, US EPA, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Gutenmann, W.H., Doss, G.J. and Lisk, DJ. (1993) Selenium in Swiss chard grown on sewage sludge-cement kiln dust amended soil. Chemosphere, 27, 1461–3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Tiran, B., Tiran, A., Petek, E., et al. (1992) Selenium status of healthy children and adults in Styria (Austria). Trace Elements in Medicine, 9, 75–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Tinggi, U., Reilly, C. and Patterson, C.M. (1992) Determination of selenium in foodstuffs using spectrofluorimetry and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 5, 269–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Robberecht, H.J. and Deelstra, H.A. (1985) Selenium in food. Voeding, 46, 262–8.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Arthur, D. (1972) Selenium content of Canadian foods. Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal, 5, 165–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Kumpulainen, J.T. (1993) Selenium in foods and diets of selected countries. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease, 7, 107–8.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Varo, P. and Koivistoinen, P. (1980) Mineral element composition of Finnish foods, XII. General discussion and nutritional evaluation. Acta Agricultural Scandinavica, Supplement, 22, 165–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Simonoff, M., Hamon, C., Moretto, P., et al. (1988) Selenium in foods in France. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1, 295–302.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Oster, O. and Prellwitz, W. (1989) The daily dietary selenium intake of West German adults. Biology of Trace Elements Research, 20, 1–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Bratakos, M.S., Zafiropoulos, T.F., Siskos, P.A. and Joannou, P.V. (1987) Selenium in foods produced and consumed in Greece. Journal of Food Science, 52, 817–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Alfthan, G., Bogye, G., Aro, A. and Feher, J. (1992) The human selenium status in Hungary. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease, 6, 233–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Stacchini, A., Coni, E., Baldini, M., et al. (1989) Selenium intake with diet in Italy: a pilot study. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease, 3, 193–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Donovan, U.M., Gibson, R.S., Ferguson, E.L., et al. (1992) Selenium intakes of children from Malawi and Papua New Guinea consuming plant-based diets. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease, 6, 39–43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Valentine, J.L., Cebrian, M. E., Garcia-Vargas, G.G., et al. (1994) Daily selenium intake estimates for residents of arsenic-endemic areas. Environmental Research, 64, 1–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. van der Torre, H.W., van Steenbrugge, H., Peluppesy, S., et al. (1988) Bioavailability of selenium in a selected Dutch population [Abstract], in 4th International Symposium on Selenium in Biology and Medicine, Tübingen, Germany, 18–21 July 1988, Poster No. 44.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Yasumoto, K. (1976) Selenium content of foods and its average daily intake in Japan. Eigo to Shokuryo, 29, 511–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Cross, J.D., Raie, R.M., Smith, H. and Smith, L.B. (1978) Dietary selenium in the Glasgow area. Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters, 35, 281–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Thorn, J., Robertson, J., Buss, D.H. and Bunton, N.G. (1976) Trace nutrients. Selenium in British foods. British Journal of Nutrition, 39, 391–6.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Pennington, J.A.T. and Young, B. (1990) Iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, and iodine in foods from the United States Total Diet Study. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 3, 166–84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Parr, R.M., Abdulla, M., Aras, N.K., et al. (1991) Dietary intakes of trace elements and related nutrients in eleven countries: preliminary results from an IAEA co-ordinated research programme, in Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals—TEMA 7, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, 20–25 May 1990 (ed. Momcilovic, B.), IMI, Zagreb, pp. 13.3–5.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Kumpulainen, J. and Tahvonen, R. (1989) Report on the activities of the Sub-Network on Trace Elements Status in Food, in Report of the 1989 Consultation of the European Cooperative Research Network on Trace Elements, Lausanne, Switzerland, 5–8 September 1989, Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Pennington, J.A.T. (1983) Revision of the Total Diet Study food list and diet. Journal of the American Dietetics Association, 82, 166–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Pennington, J.A.T., Wilson, D.B., Newell, R.F., et al. (1984) Selected minerals in food surveys. Journal of the American Dietetics Association, 84, 771–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Fiorino, J.A., Jones, J.W. and Caper, S.G. (1980) Sequential determination of arsenic, selenium, antimony, and tellurium in foods via rapid hydride evolution and atomic absorption spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 48, 123–5.

    Google Scholar 

  66. MacPherson, A., Barclay, M.N.I., Dixon, J., et al. (1993) Decline in dietary selenium intake in Scotland and effect on plasma concentrations, in Trace Elements in Man and Animals— TEMA 8 (ed. Anke, M., Meissner, D. and Mills, C. F.), Verlag Media Touristik, Gersdorf, pp. 269–70.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Schubert, A., Holden, J.M. and Wolfe, W.R. (1987) Selenium content of a core group of foods based on a critical evaluation of published analytical data. Journal of the American Dietetics Association, 87, 285–99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Holden, J.M., Schubert, A., Wolf, W.R. and Beecher, G.R. (1987) A system for evaluating the quality of published nutrient data: selenium, a test case. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 9, Supplement: Food Composition Data: the User’s Perspective.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Pennington, J.A.T., Young, B.E., Wilson, D.B., et al. (1986) Mineral content of foods and total diets: the selected minerals in foods survey, 1982–84. Journal of the American Dietetics Association, 86, 876–89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Human Nutrition Information Service, United States Department of Agriculture (1983) Food Intakes: Individuals in 48 States, Year 1977–78. Nationwide Food Consumption Survey 1977–78, Report No. 1-1.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Wolf, W.R., Holden, J.M., Schubert, A., et al. (1992) Selenium content of selected foods important for improved assessment of dietary intake. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 5, 2–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Reamer, D.C. and Veillon, C. (1981) Determination of selenium in biological materials and foods by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 53, 2166–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Wolf, W.R. and Schubert, A. (1989) Foods, in Occurrence and Distribution of Selenium (ed. Inhat, M.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 107–20.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Morris, V.C. and Levander, O.A. (1970) Selenium content of food. Journal of Nutrition, 100, 1383–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Puwastien, P., Sirichakwal, P.P. and Kongchachuichai, R. (1991) Development of trace element data of common Thai foods [Abstract], in 6th Asian Congress of Nutrition, 16–19 September 1991, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, p. 93.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Reilly, C. (1993) Selenium in health and disease: a review. Australian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 50, 136–44.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (1994) Risks and Benefits of Selenium in Agriculture, Issue Paper Supplement, No. 3, June 1994, Council of Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, IN.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Noble, R.M. and Berry, G.A. (1982) Survey of selenium concentrations in wheat, sorghum and soyabean grains, prepared poultry feeds and feed ingredients from Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 39, 1–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Yoshida, M. and Yasumoto, K. (1987) Selenium contents of rice grown at various sites in Japan. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1, 71–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Hojo, Y. (1982) Selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in cow’s milk. Biological Trace Element Research, 4, 233–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Flynn, A. (1992) Minerals and trace elements in milk. Advances in Food and Nutrition, 36, 231–3.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Varo, P., Nuurtamo, M. and Koivistoinen, P. (1984) Selenium content of non-fat dry milk in various countries. Journal of Dairy Science, 67, 2071–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Alaejos, M.S. and Romero, C.D. (1995) Selenium concentrations in milk. Food Chemistry, 52, 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Hadjimarkos, D.M. and Bonhorst, C.W. (1961) The selenium content of eggs, milk, and water in relation to dental caries in children. Journal of Pediatrics, 59, 256–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Tinggi, U., Reilly, C. and Patterson, C.M. (1993) Selenium concentrations in Australian cow’s milk, in XV International Congress of Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Abstracts, September 26–October 1, 1993, Book 2, p. 707.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Smith, A., Picciano, M.F. and Milner, J.A. (1982) Selenium intakes and status of human milk formula fed infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 35, 521–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Levander, O.A., Moser, P.B. and Morris, V.C. (1987) Dietary selenium intake and selenium concentrations of plasma, erythrocytes and breast milk in pregnant and postpartum lactating and nonlactating women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 46, 694–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Cumming, F.J., Fardy, J.J. and Woodward, D.R. (1992) Selenium and human lactation in Australia: milk and blood selenium levels in lactating women, and selenium intakes of their breast-fed infants. Acta Paediatrica, 81, 292–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Foster, L.H. and Sumar, S. (1995) Methods of analysis used for the determination of selenium in milk and infant formulae: a review. Food Chemistry, 53, 453–66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. World Health Organization/International Atomic Energy Agency (1989) Minor and Trace Elements in Milk, World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Iyengar, G.V. (1982) Elemental Composition of Human and Animal Milk, IAEA-TECDOC-269, IAEA, Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Iyengar, V. and Wooittiez, J. (1988) Trace elements in human clinical specimens: evaluation of literature to identify reference values. Clinical Chemistry, 34, 474–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Kumpulainen, J., Vuori, E., Kuitunen, P., et al. (1983) Longtitudinal study on the dietary selenium intake of exclusively breast-fed infants and their mothers in Finland. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 53, 420–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Williams, M.M.F. (1983) Selenium and glutathione peroxidase in mature human milk. Proceedings of the University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, 61, 20–1.

    Google Scholar 

  95. World Health Organization (1973) Trace Elements in Human Nutrition, Technical Report Series, No. 532, WHO, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  96. US National Academy of Science/National Research Council (1989) Recommended Dietary Allowances, 10th edn., National Academy of Science, Washington, DC, p. 218.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Dreosti, I.E. (1986) Selenium. Journal of Food and Nutrition, 43, 60–78.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Lombeck, I., Kasperek, K., Bonnermann, B., et al. (1975) Selenium content of human milk, cow’s milk and cow’s milk infant formulas. European Journal of Pediatrics, 129, 139–45.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Tiran, B., Rossipal, E., Tiran, A. and Lorenz, O. (1993) Selenium and iodine concentration in human milk and milk formulas in Styria, Austria, in Trace Elements in Man and Animals— TEMA 8 (ed. Anke, M., Meissner, D. and Mills, C.F.), Verlag Media Touristik, Gersdorf, pp. 1058–61.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Kumpulainen, J., Salmenpera, L., Siimes, M.A., et al. (1987) Formula feeding results in lower selenium status than breast feeding or selenium supplemented formula feeding: a longitudinal study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 45, 49–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Levander, O.A. (1989) Upper limit of selenium in infant formulas. Journal of Nutrition, 119, 1869–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Lombeck, I., Manz, F.D., Diekmann, L. and Stock, G.J. (1991) Selenium balance in preterm infants on cow’s milk formula, in Trace Elements in Man and Animals—TEMA 7 (ed. Momcilovic, B.), IMI, Zagreb, pp. 7/13–7/15.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Levander, O.A. (1991) Scientific rationale for the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances. Journal of the American Dietetics Association, 91, 1572–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Barrett, J., Patterson, C., Reilly, C. and Tinggi, U. (1989) Selenium in the diet of children with phenylketonuria, in Nutrient Availability: Chemical and Biological Aspects (ed. Southgate, D.A.T., Johnson, I.T. and Fenwick, G.R.), Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 281–3.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Holden, J.M., Gebhardt, S., Davis, C.S. and Lurie, D.G. (1991) A nationwide study of the selenium contents and variability in white bread, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 4, 183–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. World Health Organization (1987) Environmental Health Criteria 58: Selenium, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Vlieg, P. (1990) Selenium concentration of the edible part of 74 New Zealand fish species. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 3, 67–72.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Amiard, J.-C, Berthet, B. and Boutaghou, S. (1993) Seasonal selenium variations in mussels and oysters from a French marine farm. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 6, 370–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Turner, M.D., Marsh, D.O., Smith, J.C., et al. (1980) Methylmercury in populations eating large quantities of marine fish. Archives of Environmental Health, 35, 367–78.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Paulsson, K. and Lundbergh, K. (1994) Selenium treatment of mercury-contaminated water systems, in Proceedings of the Selenium-Tellurium Development Association’s 5th International Symposium, Brussels, 8–10 May 1994, Selenium-Tellurium Development Association, Grimbergen, pp. 287-90.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Hansen, J.C., Kromann, N. and Wulf, H.C. (1984) Selenium and its interrelation with mercury in wholeblood and hair in an East Greenlandic population. Science of the Total Environment, 38, 33–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Galster, W.A. (1976) Mercury in Alaska mothers and infants. Environmental Health Perspectives, 15, 135–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Turner, M.D., Marsh, D.O., Smith, J.C., et al. (1980) Methylmercury in populations eating large quantities of marine fish. Archives of Environmental Health, 35, 367–78.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. International Programme on Chemical Safety (1976) Environmental Health Criteria 1: Mercury, World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Margolin, S. (1980) Mercury in marine seafood: the scientific medical margin of safety as a guide to the potential risk to public health. World Review of Nutrition and Diet, 34, 182–265.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Ohi, G., Seki, N.H., Tamura, Y., et al. (1980) The protective potency of marine animal meat against the neurotoxicity of methylmercury: its relationship with the organ distribution of mercury and selenium in the rat. Food and Cosmetic Toxicology, 18, 139–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Grandjean, P., Weihe, P., Jorgensen, P.J., et al. (1992) Impact of maternal seafood diet on fetal exposure to mercury, selenium and lead. Archives of Environmental Health, 47, 185–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Paulsson, K. and Lundebergh, K. (1991) Treatment of mercury contaminated fish by selenium addition. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 56, 833–41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Ahmad, S., Waheed, S., Mannan, A., et al. (1994) Evaluation of trace elements in wheat and wheat by-products. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 77, 11–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Ferretti, J.R. and Levander, O.A. (1974) Effect of milling and processing on the selenium contents of grains and cereal products. Journal of Agriculture, 22, 1049–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Higgs, DJ., Morris, V.C. and Levander, O.A. (1972) Effect of cooking on selenium content of foods. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 20, 678–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Bratakos, M.S., Zafiropoulos, T.F., Siskos, P.A. and Ioannou, P.V. (1988) Selenium losses on cooking Greek foods. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 23, 585–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Levander, O.A. (1987) Assessing the bioavailability of selenium in foods, in Selenium in Biology and Medicine (ed. Combs, G.F., Jr., Spallholz, J.E., Levander, O.A. and Oldfield, J.E.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 403–12.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Dudek, J.A., Elkins, E.R., Behl, B.A., et al. (1989) Effects of cooking and canning on the mineral content of selected seafoods. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2, 273–85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Rosenfeld, I. and Beath, O.A. (1964) Selenium: Geobotany, Biochemistry, Toxicity and Nutrition, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Beath, O.A., Eppson, H.F. and Gilbert, C.S. (1935) Selenium and other toxic minerals in soils and vegetation. Wyoming Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin, No. 482, 1–47.

    Google Scholar 

  127. McDowell, L.R. (1992) Selenium, in Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition, Academic Press, New York, Ch. 13, pp. 294–332.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Knott, S.G., McCray, C.W.R. and Hall, W.T.K. (1958) Selenium poisoning in horses in North Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural Science, 15, 43–58.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Ip, C., Lisk, D.J. and Stoewsand, G.S. (1992) Mammary cancer prevention by regular garlic and selenium-enriched garlic. Nutrition and Cancer, 17, 279–86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Heinz, C.H. and Sanderson, C.J. (1990) Avoidance of selenium-treated food by mallards. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 9, 1155–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Nicholson, J.W.G., St.-Laurent, A.-M., McQueen, R.E. and Charmley, E. (1991) The effect of feeding organically bound selenium and α-tocopherol to dairy cows on susceptibility of milk to oxidation. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 71, 135–41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Lillard, D.A. and Day, E.A. (1961) Autoxidation of milk lipids II. The relationship of sensory to chemical methods for measuring the oxidized flavour of milk fats. Journal of Dairy Science, 44, 623–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Erickson, D.R., Dunkley, W.L. and Smith, L.M. (1964) Tocopherol distribution in milk fractions and its relation to antioxidant activity. Journal of Food Science, 29, 269–75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. St.-Laurent, A.-M., Hidiroglou, M., Snodden, M. and Nicholson, J.W.G. (1990) Effect of α-tocopherol supplementation to dairy cows on milk and plasma α-tocopherol concentrations and on spontaneous oxidized flavour in milk. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 70, 561–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Winter, K.A. and Gupta, U.C. (1979) Selenium content of forages grown in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 59, 107–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (1989) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 6th edn., National Academy of Science/National Research Council, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Udar, N.S. and Modi, V.V. (1990) Sodium selenite induced changes during ripening in post-harvest banana (Musa sapientum) fruits. Biofactors, 2, 263–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Axley, M.J., Böck, A. and Stadman, T.C. (1991) Catalytic properties of an Escherichia coli formate dehydrogenase mutant in which sulfur replaces selenium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 88, 8450–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Böck, A., Forchammer, K., Heider, J. and Baron, C. (1991) Selenoprotein synthesis: an expansion of the genetic code. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 16, 463–7.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Huber, R.E. and Criddle, F.R. (1967) Comparison of the chemical properties of selenocysteine and selenocystine with their sulfur analogs. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 122, 164–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Edelmann, K. (1993) Optimization of the selenium flow to man. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Science, Supplement, No. 11, 183–7.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Korhola, M., Vainio, A. and Edelmann, K. (1986) Selenium yeast. Annals of Clinical Research, 18, 65–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Bebbington, G.N., Mackay, N.J., Chvojka, R., et al. (1977) Heavy metals, selenium and arsenic in nine species of Australian commercial fish. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 28, 277–86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Chapman, A.C. and Linden, H. (1926) On the presence of compounds of arsenic in marine crustaceans and shell fish. Analyst, 51, 563–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Monier-Williams, G.W. (1949) Trace Elements in Food, Chapman and Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Garrow, J.S., James, W.P.T. and Ralph, A. (1993) Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 9th edn., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Tewe, O.O. (1992) Detoxification of cassava products and effects of residual toxins on consuming animals. Food and Agricultural Organization Animal Production and Health Paper, No. 95, 81–98.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Greger, J.L. (1987) Mineral bioavailability/new concepts. Nutrition Today, 22, 4–9.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Levander, O.A. (1983) Considerations in the design of selenium bioavailability studies. Federation Proceedings, 42, 1721–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Fox, M.R.S., Jacobs, R.M., Jones, A.O.L., et al. (1981) Animal models for assessing bioavailability of essential and toxic elements. Cereal Chemistry, 58, 6–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Hakkarainen, J. (1993) Bioavailability of selenium. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Supplement, No. 11, 21–35.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Clydesdale, F.M. (1989) The relevance of mineral chemistry to bioavailability. Nutrition Today, 24, 23–30.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Pederson, N.D., Butler, J.A. and Whanger, P.D. (1991) Influence of arsenic on selenium metabolism and glutathione peroxidase activity in rats. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease, 5, 75–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Shils, M.E. and Levander, O.A. (1982) Selenium stability in TPN solutions. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 35, 829–32.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Mykkänen, H.M. and Mutanen, M.L. (1983) Effect of ascorbic acid on the intestinal absorption of 75Se-selenite in chicks, Nutrition Reports International, 28, 67–73.

    Google Scholar 

  156. Mutanen, M. and Mykkänen, H.M. (1985) Effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on selenium bioavailability in humans. Human Nutrition; Clinical Nutrition, 39C, 221–6.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Mutanen, M. (1986) Bioavailability of selenium. Annals of Clinical Research, 18, 48–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Greger, J.L. and Marcus, R.E. (1981) Effect of dietary protein, phosphorus, and sulfur amino acids on selenium metabolism of adult males. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 25, 97–108.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Beilstein, M.A. and Whanger, P.D. (1989) Effects of vitamin B6 deficiency on selenium metabolism in the rat. Journal of Nutrition, 119, 1962–72.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Hassan, S., Hakkarainen, R.V.J. and Lindberg, P.O. (1987) Bioavailability to chicks of selenium in wheat and fish meal. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 34, 353–63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Yin, S.A., Sato, I., Hosokawa, Y., et al. (1991) Effects of dietary zinc and cadmium on tissue selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in rats fed dl-selenomethionine and sodium selenite. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Beijing), 37, 29–37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Thomson, C.D., Stewart, R.D.H. and Robinson, M.F. (1975) Metabolic studies in rats of 75Se selenomethionine and of 75Se incorporated in vivo into rabbit kidney. British Journal of Nutrition, 33, 45–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Thomson, C.D. and Robinson, M. F. (1986) Urinary and fecal excretion and absorption of a large supplement of selenium: superiority of selenate over selenite. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 44, 659–63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Wright, P.L. and Bell, M.G. (1966) Comparative metabolism of selenium and tellurium in sheep and swine. American Journal of Physiology, 211, 6–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Cantor, A.H., Scott, M.L. and Noguchi, T. (1975) Biological availability of selenium in feedstuffs and selenium compounds for prevention of exudative diathesis in chicks. Journal of Nutrition, 105, 96–105.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Cantor, A.H., Langevin, M.L., Noguchi, T., et al. (1975) Efficacy of selenium in selenium compounds and feedstuffs for prevention of pancreatic fibrosis in chicks. Journal of Nutrition, 105, 106–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Yasumoto, K., Iwama, K. and Yoshida, M. (1979) B6 dependence of selenomethionine and selenite utilization for glutathione peroxidase in the rat. Journal of Nutrition, 109, 760–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Neve, J. (1995) Assessing the biological activity of selenium supplements: interest of blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase, in Proceedings of the Selenium-Tellurium Development Association’s 5th International Symposium, Brussels, 8–10 May 1994, Selenium-Tellurium Development Association, Grimbergen, pp. 123-30.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Janghobani, M., Christensen, M.J., Nahapetian, A. and Young, V. R. (1990) The selenite exchangeable pool in humans: a new concept for the assessment of selenium status. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51, 670–7.

    Google Scholar 

  170. Olson, O.E., Novacek, E.J., Whitehead, E.I. and Palmer, I.S. (1970) Investigation on selenium in wheat. Phytochemistry, 9, 1181–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Yasumoto, K., Suzuki, T. and Yoshida, M. (1988) Identification of selenomethionine in soybean protein. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 36, 463–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Mutanen, M. (1986) Bioavailability of selenium in mushrooms, Boletus edulis, to young women. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 56, 297–301.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Burk, R. (1978) Selenium in nutrition. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 30, 88–106.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Levander, O.A. and Burk, R.F. (1990) Selenium, in Present Knowledge of Nutrition, 6th edn. (Brown, M.L. ed.), Nutrition Foundation, Washington, DC, pp. 268–73.

    Google Scholar 

  175. Butler, J.A., Thomson, C.D., Whanger, P.D. and Robinson, M.F. (1991) Selenium distribution in blood fractions of New Zealand women taking organic or inorganic selenium. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53, 748–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Deagen, J.T., Butler, J.A., Beilstein, M.A. and Whanger, P.D. (1987) Effects of dietary selenite, selenocysteine and selenomethionine on selenocysteine lyase and glutathione peroxidase activities and on selenium levels in rat tissue. Journal of Nutrition, 117, 91–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Thomson, C.D., Robinson, M.F., Butler, J.A. and Whanger, P. D. (1993) Long-term supplementation with selenate and selenomethionine: selenium and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in blood components of New Zealand women. British Journal of Nutrition, 69, 577–88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Butler, J.A., Thomson, C.D., Whanger, P.D. and Robinson, M.F. (1991) Selenium distribution in blood fractions of New Zealand women taking organic or inorganic selenium. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53, 748–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Thomson, C.D., Robinson, M.F., Campbell, D.R. and Rea, H.M. (1982) Effect of prolonged supplementation with daily supplements of selenomethionine and sodium selenite on glutathione peroxidase activity in blood of New Zealand residents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 36, 24–31.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Sandström, B., Fairweather-Tait, S., Hurrell, R. and Van Dokkum, W. (1993) Methods for studying mineral and trace element absorption in humans using stable isotopes. Nutrition Research Reviews, 6, 71–95.

    Google Scholar 

  181. Janghobani, M., Christensen, M.J., Nahapetian, A. and Young, V.R. (1982) Selenium metabolism in healthy adults: quantitation aspects using the stable isotope 74Se. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 35, 647–54.

    Google Scholar 

  182. Patterson, B.H., Zech, L.A., Swanson, C.A. and Levander, O.A. (1993) Kinetic modelling of selenium in humans using stable isotope tracers. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease, 7, 117–20.

    Google Scholar 

  183. Christensen, M.J., Janghobani, M., Starrite, N. and Young, V.R. (1983) Simultaneous determination of absorption of selenium from poultry meat and selenite in young men: application of triple stable isotope method. British Journal of Nutrition, 50, 43–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Meltzer, H.E., Norheim, G., Loken, E.B. and Holm, H. (1992) Supplementation with wheat selenium induces a dose-dependent response in serum and urine of a Se-replete population. British Journal of Nutrition, 67, 287–94.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Meltzer, H.M., Norheim, G., Bibow, K., et al. (1990) The form of selenium determines the response to supplementation in a selenium replete population. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 44, 435–46.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Burk, R.F. (1986) Selenium and cancer: meaning of serum selenium levels. Journal of Nutrition, 116, 1584–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia

    Conor Reilly B.Sc, B.Phil., H.Dip.Ed., Ph.D., Faifst (Formerly Professor and Head of School)

Authors
  1. Conor Reilly B.Sc, B.Phil., H.Dip.Ed., Ph.D., Faifst
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Reilly, C. (1996). Selenium in food. In: Selenium in Food and Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6494-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6494-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-6496-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-6494-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation