Abstract
Exclusion chromatography is a branch of liquid chromatography in which a solute is distributed between the free solvent and the solvent contained in the interstices of porous particles. The free solvent is the mobile phase and the porous particles containing the solvent constitute the stationary phase (the porous particles themselves are often loosely referred to as the stationary phase). The separation depends upon the fact that the interstices are of such a size that the degree of penetration of the solute molecules depends upon the size of these molecules. Very large molecules are unable to enter the stationary phase and are eluted in a volume of solvent equal to the void volume of the column, i.e., the volume of the free solvent in the column. If the solute molecules are sufficiently small so that they can penetrate into the whole of the solvent contained in the stationary phase, they are eluted by a volume of solvent equal to the void volume of the column plus the volume of solvent contained in the stationary phase, i.e., equal to the total volume of solvent in the column. Thus, providing adsorption effects are absent, exclusion chromatography separates according to size, large molecules being eluted before small molecules. All solutes are eluted in the comparatively narrow range of eluent volumes between the void volume of the column and the total volume of the solvent in the column.
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Further Reading
Determann, H., Gel Chromatography, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1968). (Deals with the theory and practice of exclusion chromatography in both aqueous and nonaqueous solutions.)
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Altgelt, K. H., Advan. Chromatog. 7, 3–46 (1968). (A review of the theory of exclusion chromatography, now rather dated.)
Peaker, F. W., in Chromatography, Browning, D. R., ed., McGraw-Hill, London (1969). (A concise article on exclusion chromatography in nonaqueous solution.)
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Perry, S.G., Amos, R., Brewer, P.I. (1973). Exclusion Chromatography—Mechanism and Materials. In: Practical Liquid Chromatography. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6226-6_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6226-6_5
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