Summary
Unstrained rubbers cooled far below their glass transition temperature are generally very brittle. The ductility can, however, be greatly increased by prestraining (~100%) the rubber before reducing the temperature as suggested by Andrews and Reed. Results on natural rubber and Hycar 1043 rubber are reported, showing the effects of prestrain, temperature and strain rate on low temperature ductility and primary molecular bond rupture. Molecular bond rupture was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. X-ray diffraction in rubbers indicates that prestraining and cooling results in orientated crystallization. It is suggested that this, in effect, produces a semi-crystalline polymer with a resulting increase in ductility and rather general bond rupture (throughout the loaded sample volume) during deformation leading to fracture.
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Brown, R., DeVries, K.L., Williams, M.L. (1971). Molecular Bond Rupture Associated with Inelastic Deformation of Elastomers. In: Chompff, A.J., Newman, S. (eds) Polymer Networks. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6210-5_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6210-5_19
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