Skip to main content

The Subsidy Provided by the Federal Safety Net: Theory and Evidence

  • Chapter
Financial Modernization and Regulation

Abstract

Views about the value to depository institutions of the federal safety net differ widely. Resolution of the issue is important because defining the appropriate relationship between the federal safety net and financial institutions is central to the design of efficient financial modernization strategies. A heuristic model is presented of how the safety net subsidy affects the size of the banking system and the behavior of banks. The model suggests that banks should have lower capital ratios than similar nonbank financial firms. Evidence is presented that supports this prediction and that banks have organized themselves in ways that take advantage of safety net benefits.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ambrose, Brent W., and Arthur Warga. “Implications of Privatization: The Costs to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.” in Studies on Privatizing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Washington, DC: Department of Housing and Urban Development, May 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • August, James D., Michael R. Grupe, Charles Luckett, and Samuel M. Slowinski. “Survey of Finance Companies, 1996.” Federal Reserve Bulletin 83 (1997), 543–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bankers Roundtable. “The Federal Safety Net—Subsidy Effects in and Outside of Banks.” Occasional Paper No. 3, May 1997a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bankers Roundtable. “Deposit Insurance Reform in the Public Interest.” Report of the Subcommittee and Working Group on Deposit Insurance Reform. Retail Issues and Deposit Insurance Committee, May 1997b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, John H., and Mark Gertler. “Are Banks Dead? Or, Are the Reports Greatly Exaggerated?” Proceedings of a conference on Bank Structure and Competition. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, May 1994, 85–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, John H., S.L. Graham, and R.S. Hewitt. “Bank Holding Company Mergers with Nonbank Financial Firms: Effects on the Risk of Failure.” Journal of Banking and Finance 17 (1993), 43–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carey, Mark, Mitch Post, and Steven A. Sharpe. “Does Corporate Lending by Banks and Finance Companies Differ? Evidence on Specialization in Private Debt Contracting.” Journal of Finance 53, no. 3 (1998), 845–878.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carow, Kenneth A., and Glen A. Larsen, Jr. “The Effect of FDICIA Regulation on Bank Holding Companies.” The Journal of Financial Research 20, no. 2 (1997), 159–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliehausen, Gregory. “The Cost of Bank Regulation: A Review of the Evidence.” Washington, DC: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, April 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ely, Bert. “Comment: Greenspan’s Deposit Insurance Subsidy Argument Is Nonsense.” The American Banker (1997), article 66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ettin, Edward C. “The Evolution of the North American Banking System.” Paper prepared for presentation at the OECD Committee on Financial Markets. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC, July 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furlong, Frederick. “Federal Subsidies in Banking: The Link to Financial Modernization.” Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Economic Letter no. 97–31 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenspan, Alan. Statement before the Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit of the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives (February 13, 1997a ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenspan, Alan. Statement before the Subcommittee on Capital Markets, Securities and Government-Sponsored Enterprises of the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives (March 19, 1997b ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Helfer, Ricki. Statement before the Subcommittee on Capital Markets, Securities and Government-Sponsored Enterprises of the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives (March 5, 1997 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kau, James B., and Donald C. Keenan. “An Option-Theoretic Model of Catastrophes Applied to Mortgage Insurance.” The Journal of Risk and Insurance 63, no. 4 (1996), 639–656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuester, Kathy, and Jim O’Brien. “Market-Based Deposit Insurance Premiums.” Proceedings from a conference on Bank Structure and Competition. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, May 1990, pp. 62–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwast, Myron L. “The Impact of Underwriting and Dealing on Bank Returns and Risks.” Journal of Banking and Finance 13 (1989), 101–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwast, Myron L., and S. Wayne Passmore. “The Subsidy Provided by the Federal Safety Net: Theory, Measurement and Containment.” Washington, DC: Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litan, Robert E., and Jonathan Rauch. American Finance for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: United States Department of the Treasury, November 17, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Merton H. “Do the MM Propositions Apply to Banks?” Journal of Banking Finance 19 (1995), 483–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peltzman, Sam. “Capital Investment in Commercial Banking and Its Relationship to Portfolio Regulation.” Journal of Political Economy 78, no. 1 (January–February 1970), 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Temzelides, Ted. “Are Bank Runs Contagious?” Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. Business Review (November—December 1997 ), 3–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whalen, Gary. “The Competitive Implications of Safety Net Related Subsidies.” Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Economics Working Paper 97–9, May 1997.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kwast, M.L., Passmore, S.W. (2000). The Subsidy Provided by the Federal Safety Net: Theory and Evidence. In: Eisenbeis, R.A., Furlong, F.T., Kwan, S. (eds) Financial Modernization and Regulation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5228-1_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5228-1_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-4964-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-5228-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics