Skip to main content

Interviewing Strategies

  • Chapter
Diagnostic Interviewing

Abstract

Diagnostic interviewing is fundamental to the assessment of clients’ presenting problems and overall functioning (Friedman, 1989; Sarwer & Sayers, 1998). Despite an explosion of self-report instruments and questionnaires, interviewing “remains the most basic, most commonly used, and most powerful technique of clinical assessment” (Korchin, 1976, p. 192). Researchers and clinicians may employ direct observation methods, psychological tests, self-report questionnaires, and/or self-monitoring forms in an attempt to assess client issues, but it is the interview that continues to play an instrumental and prominent role in diagnostic evaluations (Rogers, 1995). Historically, clinicians have employed a flexible or unstructured approach to interviewing (Sher & Trull, 1996), relying on client presentation and clinical intuition to focus and guide the interview process. Although clinicians learned basic interviewing skills during graduate training and some informal guidelines on the type of information to collect in an interview, until recently there has been little standardization of interview formats (Friedman, 1989). However, within the past three decades, structured approaches have been developed that have systematized the interview process (Rogers, 2001).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Achenbach, T. M., and Edelbrock, C. S. (1983). Manual for the child behavior checklist and revised child behavior profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambrosini, P. J. (2000). Historical development and present status of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39 (1), 49–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ambrosini, P. J., and Dixon, M. (1996). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia, childhood version ( 4th ed. ). Philadelphia, PA: Medical College of Pennsylvania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambrosini, P. J., Metz, C., Prabucki, K., and Lee, J. C. (1989). Videotape reliability of the third revised edition of the K-SADS. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,28(5), 723-.728.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( 3rd ed. ). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( 4th ed. ). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anastasi, A. (1988). Psychological testing ( 6th ed. ). NY: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. C., Williams, S., McGee, R., and Silva, P. A. (1987). DSM-III disorders in preadolescent children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 69–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andreasen, N. C., McDonald-Scott, P, Grove, W. M., Keller, M. B., Shapiro, R. W., and Hirschfeld, R. M. A. (1982). Assessment of reliability in multicenter collaborative research with a videotape approach. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 876–882.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Angold, A., and Fisher, P. W. (1999). Interviewer-based interviews. In D. Shaffer, C. P. Lucas, and J. E. Richters (Eds.), Diagnostic assessment in child and adolescent psychopathology (pp. 34–64 ). NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butcher, J. N., Williams, C. L., Graham, J. R., Archer, R., Tellegen, A., Ben-Porath, Y. S., et al. (1992). MMPI-A manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, G. A., Koshani, J. H., Thomas, M. D. E, Vaidya, A., and Daniel, A. E. (1987). Comparison of the DISC and the K-SADS-P interviews in an epidemiological sample of children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 645–648.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cashel, M. L., Rogers, R., Sewell, K. W., and Holliman, N. (1998). Preliminary validation of the MMPI-A for a male delinquent sample: An investigation of clinical correlates and discriminant validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 71, 49–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, W., Puig-Antich, J., Hirsch, M., Paez, P., Ambrosini, P. J., Tabrizi, M. A., et al. (1985). The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semistructured interview: Test-retest reliability of the K-SADS-P. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 696–702.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cone, J. D. (1998). Psychometric considerations: Concepts, contents, and methods. In A. S. Bellack and M. Hersen (Eds.), Behavioral assessment: A practical handbook ( 4th ed., pp. 22–46 ). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costello, A. J., Edelbrock, C., Dulean, M. K., Kalas, R., and Klaric, S. H. (1984). Development and testing of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children in a clinic population. (Final report, Contract No. RFPDB-81–0027). Rockville, MD: Center for Epidemiological Studies, National Institute of Mental Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costello, E. J., Edelbrock, C. S., and Costello, A. J. (1985). Validity of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children: A comparison between psychiatric and pediatric referrals. Journal of Abnormal and Child Psychology, 13 (4), 579–595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derogatis, L. R. (1977). The SCL-90 manual: Scoring, administration, and procedures for the SCL-90. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edelbrock, C., and Costello, A. J. (1988). Structured psychiatric interviews for children. In M. Rutter, A. H. Tuma, and I. S. Lann (Eds.), Assessment and diagnosis in child psychopathology (pp. 87–112 ). NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edelbrock, C., Crnic, K., and Bohnert, A. (1999). Interviewing as communication: An alternative way of administering the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27(6), 447–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edelbrock, C., Costello, A. J., Dulcan, M. K., Conover, N. C., and Kalas, R. (1986). Parent-child agreement on child psychiatric symptoms assessed via structured interview. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 181–190.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edelbrock, C., Costello, A. J., Dulcan, M. K., Kalas, R., and Conover, N. C. (1985). Age differences in the reliability of the psychiatric interview of the child. Child Development, 56, 265–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edelstein, B. A., and Berler, E. S. (1987). Interviewing and report writing. In C. L. Frame and J. L. Matson (Eds.), Handbook of assessment in childhood psychopathology: Applied issues in differential diagnosis and treatment evaluation (pp. 163–184 ). NY: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Endicott, J., and Spitzer, R. L. (1978). A diagnostic interview: The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35 (7), 837–844.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, J. M. H. (1989). Structured interviews: The expert’s vantage. In S. Wetzler and M. Katz (Eds.), Contemporary approaches to psychological assessment (pp. 83–97 ). NY: Brunner/Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23, 56–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helzer, J. E., Robins, L. N., McEvoy, L. T., Spitznagel, E. L., Stolzman, R. K., Farmer, A., et al. (1985). A comparison of clinical and Diagnostic Interview Schedule diagnoses: Physician reexamination of lay-interviewed cases in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 657–666.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Helzer, J. E., Spitznagel, E. L., and McEvoy, L. T. (1987). The predictive validity of lay Diagnostic Interview Schedule diagnoses in the general population: A comparison with physician examiners. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 1069–1077.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herjanic, B., Herjanic, M., Brown, F., and Wheatt, T. (1975). Are children reliable reporters? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 3, 41–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hesselbrock, V., Stabenau, J., Hesselbrock, M., Mirkin, P., and Meyer, R. (1982). A comparison of two interview schedules: The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime and the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39(6), 674–677.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, K. (1993). Structured interviews for assessing children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34(1), 49–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, K. H., and Cools, J. N. (1990). Structured diagnostic interviews. In A. M. La Greca (Ed.), Through the eyes of the child (pp. 109–149 ). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, K. H., Gordon, Y., and Lennon, M. (1990). Parent-child agreement on symptoms assessed via a clinical research interview for children: The Child Assessment Schedule (CAS). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 427–431.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., et al. (1997). Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADSPL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 980–988.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korchin, S. J. (1976). Modern clinical psychology: Principles of intervention in the clinic and community. NY: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landis, J. R., and Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159–174.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lesser, I. M. (1997). Cultural considerations using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III for mood and anxiety disorders assessment. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 19 (2), 149–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mash, E. J., and Terdel, L. G. (1997). Assessment of childhood disorders ( 3rd ed. ). NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maziade, M., Roy, A. A., Fournier, J. P., Cliche, D., Merette, C., Caron, C., et al. (1992). Reliability of bestestimate diagnosis in genetic linkage studies of major psychosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1674–1686.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puig-Antich, J., and Chambers, W. (1978). The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizoprenia for School-Age Children (Kiddie-SADS). NY: New York State Psychiatric Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riskland, J. H., Beck, A. T., Berchick, R. J., Brown, G., and Steer, R. A. (1987). Reliability of DSM-III diagnoses for major depression and generalized anxiety disorder using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 817–820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robins, L. N. (1985). Epidemiology: Reflections on testing the validity of psychiatric interviews. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 918–924.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robins, L. N., Cottler, L, Bucholz, K., and Compton, W. (1995). The Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version 4. St. Louis, MO: Washington University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robins, L. N., Helzer, J. E., Croughan, J., and Ratcliff, K. S. (1981). The National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: Its history, characteristics, and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38 (4), 381–389.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, R. (1995). Diagnostic and structured interviewing: A handbook for psychologists. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, R. (2001). Handbook of diagnostic and structured interviewing. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarwer, D. B., and Sayers, S. L. (1998). Behavioral interviewing. In A. S. Bellack and M. Hersen (Eds.), Behavioral assessment ( 4th ed., pp. 63–78 ). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sattler, J. M. (1992). Assessment of children (revised and updated 3rd ed.). San Diego, CA: Jerome M. Sattler. Schwab-Stone, M., Fisher, P., Piacentini, J., Shaffer, D., Davies, M., and Briggs, M. (1993). The Diagnostic

    Google Scholar 

  • Interview Schedule for Children-Revised Version (DISC-R): II. Test-retest reliability. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 651–657.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwab-Stone, M., Shaffer, D., Davies, M., Dulcan, M. K., Jensen, E S., Fisher, P., et al. (1995). The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3). Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 878–888.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selzer, M. L. (1971). Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: The quest for a new diagnostic instrument. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 1653–1658.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, D., Fisher, P. W., and Lucas, C. P. (1999). Respondent-based interviews. In D. Shaffer, C. P. Lucas, and J. E. Richters (Eds.), Diagnostic assessment in child and adolescent psychopathology (pp. 3–33). NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, D., Fisher, P. W., Lucas, C. P., Dulcan, M., and Schwab-Stone, M. E. (2000). NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39 (1), 28–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sher, K. J., and Trull, T. J. (1996). Methodological issues in psychopathology research. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 371–400.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, R. L., and Endicott, J. (1978). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia ( 3rd ed. ). NY: Biometrics Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., and Robins, E. (1978). Research diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 773–782.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, R. L., Fleiss, J. L., and Endicott, J. (1978). Problems of classification: Reliability and validity. In M. A. Lipton, A. DiMasco, and K. Killam (Eds.), Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress (pp. 857–869 ). NY: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., and Gibbon, M. (1987). Structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). NY: Biometrics Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Summerfeldt, L. J., and Antony, M. M. (2002). Structured and semistructured diagnostic interviews. In A. M. Antony (Ed.), Handbook of assessment and treatment planning for psychological disorders (pp. 3–37 ). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandiver, T., and Sher, K. (1991). Temporal stability of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Psychological Assessment, 3, 277–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C. H., Beck, A. T., Mendelson, M., Mock, J. E., and Erbaugh, J. K. (1962). The psychiatric nomenclature. Archives of General Psychiatry, 7, 198–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, K. B., Burnham, A., Leake, B., and Robins, L. N. (1988). Agreement between face-to-face and telephone-administered versions of the depression section of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 22, 207–220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whisman, M. A., Strosahl, K., Fruzetti, A. E., Schmaling, K. B., Jacobson, N. S., and Miller, D. M. (1989). A structured interview version of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: Reliability and validity. Psychological Assessment, 1, 238–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. B. W., Gibbon, M., First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Davies, M., Borus, J., et al. (1992). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID): II. Multisite test—retest reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 630–636.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Miller, C. (2003). Interviewing Strategies. In: Hersen, M., Turner, S.M. (eds) Diagnostic Interviewing. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4963-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4963-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-4965-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4963-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics