Abstract
A number of investigators have reported that the blood and blood-forming system are not affected by acute or chronic microwave exposure (Barron and Baraff, 1958; Daily, 1943; Drogichina et al., 1966; Tyagin, 1957; Hyde and Friedman, 1968; Budd et al., 1970; Spalding et al., 1971). Effects on hematopoiesis have nevertheless been found by others (Petrov, 1970; Sadchikova and Orlova, 1958; Michaelson et al., 1961, 1964, 1965, 1967; Kitsovskaya, 1964; Baranski and Czerski, 1966; Baranski, 1971, 1972; Goncharova et al., 1966; Sacchitelli and Sacchitelli, 1960; Vacek, 1972; Czerski et al., 1974a,b; Ivanov, 1962).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baranski, S. (1971) Effect of chronic microwave irradiation on the blood forming system of guinea pigs and rabbits. Aerosp. Med 42: 1196.
Baranski, S. (1972) Effect of microwaves on the reactions of the white blood cell system. Acta Physiol. Pol 23: 685.
Baranski, S., and P. Czerski (1966) Investigations of the behavior of corpuscular blood constituents in persons exposed to microwaves. Lek. Woisk 42: 903.
Baranski, S., H. Ludwicka, and S. Szmigielski (1971) The effect of microwaves on rabbit erythrocyte permeability. Med. Lotn 39: 75.
Baranski, S., S. Szmigielski, and J. Moneta (1974) Effects of microwave irradiation in vitro on cell membrane permeability. In: Biological Effects and Health Hazards of Microwave Radiation, P. Czerski, K. Ostrowski, M. L. Shore, C. Silverman, M. J. Suess, and B. Waldeskog (eds.). Polish Medical Publishers, Warsaw, pp. 173–177.
Barron, C. I., and A. A. Baraff (1958) Medical considerations of exposure to microwaves (radar). J. Am. Med. Assoc 168: 1194.
Barron, C. I., A. A. Love, and A. A. Baraff (1955) Physical evaluation of personnel exposed to microwave emanations. J. Aviat. Med 26: 442.
Boggs, R. F., A. P. Sheppard, and A. J. Clark (1972) Effects of 2450 MHz microwave radiation on human blood coagulation processes. Health Phys. 22: 217.
Budd, R. A., J. Laskey, and C. Kelly (1970) Hematological response of fetal rats following 2450 MHz microwave irradiation. In: Radiation Bio-effects, Summary Report, January—December 1970, D. M. Hodge (ed.). HEW, PHS, BRH Publ. BRH/DBE 70–7 (December), p. 161.
Chou, C. K., A. W. Guy, J. A. McDonald, and L. F. Han (1978) Effects of continuous and pulsed chronic microwave radiation on rabbits. In: Proceedings of the 1978 Annual Meeting of USNC/URS1, p. 96.
Czerski, P. (1975) Microwave effects on the blood-forming system with particular reference to the lymphocyte. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci 247: 232.
Czerski, P., and M. Siekierzynski (1975) Analysis of occupational exposure to microwave radiation. In: Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Nonionizing Radiation, S. M. Michaelson, M. W. Miller, R. Magin, and E. L. Cartensen (eds.). Plenum Press, New York, p. 367.
Czerski, P. E., E. Paprocka-Slonka, M. Siekierzynski, and A. Stolarska (1974a) Influence of microwave radiation on the hematopoietic system. In: Biological Effects and Health Hazards of Microwave Radiation, P. Czerski, K. Ostrowski, M. L. Shore, C. Silverman, M. J. Suess, and B. Waldeskog (eds.), Polish Medical Publishers, Warsaw, pp. 67–74.
Czerski, P., E. Paprocka-Slonka, and A. Stolarska (1974b) Microwave irradiation and the circadian rhythm of bone marrow cell mitosis. J. Microwave Power 9: 31.
Daily, L. (1943) A clinical study of the results of exposure of laboratory personnel to radar and high frequency radio. U.S. Nay. Med. Bull 41: 1052.
Deichmann, W. B., F. J. Stephens, Jr., M. Keplinger, and K. F. Lampe (1959) Acute effects of microwave radiation on experimental animals (24,000 megacycles). J. Occup. Med 1: 369.
Deichmann, W. B., J. Maile, and K. Landeen (1964) Effect of microwave radiation on the hemopoietic system of the rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 6: 71.
Djordjevic, Z., and A. Kolak (1973) Changes in the peripheral blood of the rat exposed to microwave radiation (2400 MHz) in conditions of chronic exposure. Aerosp. Med 44: 1051.
Djordjevic, Z., N. Lazarevic, and V. Djokovic (1977) Studies on the hematologic effects of long-term, low-dose microwave exposure. Aviat. Space Environ. Med 48: 516.
Drogichina, E. A., M. N. Sadchikova, G. V. Snegova, N. M. Konchalovskaya, and K. V. Glotova (1966) Autonomic and cardiovascular disorders during chronic exposure to super-high frequency electromagnetic fields. Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol 10: 13.
Ferri, E. S., and G. H. Hagen (1975) Chronic low-level exposure of rabbits to microwaves. In: Proceedings 1975 Annual Meeting of USNC/URSI, p. 319.
Goncharova, N. N., V. B. Karamyshev, and N. V. Maksimenko (1966) Occupational hygiene problems in working with ultrashort-wave transmitters used in TV and radio broadcasting. Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol 10: 10.
Gorodetskaya, S. F. (1964) The influence of an SHF electromagnetic field on the reproduction, composition of peripheral blood, conditioned reflex activity, and morphology of the internal organs of white mice. In: Biological Action of Ultrasound and SHF-UHF Electromagnetic Oscillations, A. A. Gorodetsky (ed.). Nauk Dumka, Kiev, p. 80.
Grant, E. H., K. H. Illinger, B. Servantie, and S. Szmigielski (1974) Effects of microwave radiation at the cellular and molecular level. In: Biological Effects and Health Hazards of Microwave Radiation, P. Czerski, K. Ostrowski, M. L. Shore, C. Silverman, M. J. Suess, and B. Waldeskog (eds.). Polish Medical Publishers, Warsaw, pp. 324–325.
Guy, A. W., P. O. Kramar, C. A. Harris, and C. K. Chou (1980) Long-term 2450 MHz CW microwave irradiation of rabbits: Methodology and evaluation of ocular and physiologic effects. J. Microwave Power 15: 37.
Haduch, S., S. Baranski, and P. Czerski (1962) The influence of ultrahigh frequency radio waves on the human organism. In: Human Problems of Supersonic and Hypersonic Flight, A. B. Barbour and H. F. Whittingham (eds.). Pergamon Press, New York, p. 449.
Hamrick, P. E., and D. I. McRee (1975) Exposure of the Japanese quail embryo to 2.45-GHz microwave radiation during the second day of development. J. Microwave Power 10: 211.
Hamrick, P. E., and J. G. Zinkl (1975) Exposure of rabbit erythrocytes to microwave irradiation. Radiat. Res 62: 164.
Hyde, A. S., and J. J. Friedman (1968) Some effects of acute and chronic microwave irradiation of mice. In: Thermal Problems in Aerospace Medicine, J. D. Hardy (ed.). Unwin, Ltd., Surrey, pp. 163–175.
Ismailov, E. S. (1971) Mechanism of the effect of microwaves on the permeability of erythrocytes for potassium and sodium ions. Biol. Nauki 3: 58.
Ismailov, E. S. (1978) Effect of ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation on the electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes. Biophysics 22:510 (transl. of Biofizika 22: 493, 1977 ).
Ivanov, A. I. (1962) Changes of phagocytic activity and mobility of neutrophils under the influence of microwave fields. In: Summaries of Reports, Questions of the Biological Effect of a SHF—UHF Electromagnetic Field. Kirov Order of Lenin Military Medical Academy, Leningrad, p. 24.
Kitsovskaya, I. A. (1964) The effect of centimeter waves of different intensities on the blood and hemopoietic organs of white rats. Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol 8: 14.
Krupp, J. H. (1978) Long-term Follow-up of Macaca Mulata Exposed to High Levels of 15-, 20-, and 26-MHz Radiofrequency Radiation. SAM-TR-78–3, Brooks AFB, Texas, p. 6.
Lappenbusch, W. L., L. J. Gillespie, W. M. Leach, and G. E. Anderson (1973) Effect of 2450 MHz microwaves on the radiation response of X-irradiated Chinese hamsters. Radiat. Res 54: 294.
Liburdy, R. P. (1977) Effects of radio-frequency radiation on inflammation. Radio Sci. 12 (6S): 179.
Linko, V., and K. Hynynen (1979) Erythrocyte damage caused by the HaemothermR microwave blood warmer. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand 23: 320.
Liu, L. M., F. G. Nickless, and S. F. Clearly (1979) Effects of microwave radiation on erythrocyte membranes. Radio Sci. 14 (6S): 109.
Lu, S.-T., N. J. Lebda, S. M. Michaelson, S. Pettit, and D. Rivera (1977) Thermal and endocrinological effects of protracted irradiation of rats by 2450 MHz microwaves. Radio Sci. 12 (6S): 147.
Lysina, G. G. (1965) Effect of ultrahigh frequency radiation on the formed elements of blood. Gig. Sanit 30: 95.
Michaelson, S. M. (1970) Pathophysiological aspects of microwave irradiation. I. Thermal effects. Non-Ioniz. Radial 1: 169.
Michaelson, S. M. (1974) Thermal effects of single and repeated exposures to microwaves: A review. In: Biological Effects and Health Hazards of Microwave Radiation. P. Czerski, K. Ostrowski, M. L. Shore, C. Silverman, M. J. Suess, and B. Waldeskog (eds.). Polish Medical Publishers, Warsaw, pp. 1–14.
Michaelson, S. M., R. A. E. Thomson, and J. W. Howland (1961) Physiologic aspects of microwave irradiation of mammals. Am. J. Physiol 201: 351.
Michaelson, S. M., R. A. E. Thomson, L. T. Odland, and J. W. Howland (1963) The influence of microwaves on ionizing radiation exposure. Aerosp. Med 34: 111.
Michaelson, S. M., R. A. E. Thomson, M. Y. El Tamami, H. S. Seth, and J. W. Howland (1964) Hematologic effects of microwave exposure. Aerosp. Med 35: 824.
Michaelson, S. M., R. A. E. Thomson, and J. W. Howland (1965) Comparative studies on 1285 and 2800 me/sec pulsed microwaves. Aerosp. Med 36: 1059.
Michaelson, S. M., R. A. E. Thomson, and J. W. Howland (1967) Biologic Effects of Microwave Exposure. Tech. Rep. RADC-TR-67–461, Griffiss AFB, Rome Air Development Center, Rome, N.Y.
Michaelson, S. M., R. A. E. Thomson, and W. J. Quinlan (1968) Effects of electromagnetic radiation on physiologic responses. Aerosp. Med 39: 293.
Michaelson, S. M., J. W. Howland, and W. B. Deichmann (1971) Response of the dog to 24,000 and 1285 MHz microwave exposure. Ind. Med 40: 18.
Miro, L. (1962) Hematological modifications and clinical disorders observed in persons exposed to radar waves. Rev. Med. Aeronaut. (Paris) 1: 16.
Olcerst, R. B., and J. R. Rabinowitz (1978) Studies on the interaction of microwave radiation with cholinesterase. Radiat. Environ. Biophys 15: 289.
Olcerst, R. B., S. Belman, M. Eisenbud, W. W. Mumford, and J. R. Rabinowitz (1980) The increased passive efflux of sodium and rubidium from rabbit erythrocytes by microwave radiation. Radiat. Res 82: 244.
Pazderova-Vejlupkova, J., and M. Josifko (1979) Changes in the blood count of growing rats irradiated with a microwave pulse field. Arch. Environ. Health 34: 44.
Peterson, D. J., L. M. Partlow, and O. P. Gandhi (1979) An investigation of the thermal and athermal effects of microwave irradiation on erythrocytes. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME-26: 428.
Petrov, I. R. (ed.) (1970) Influence of Microwave Radiation on the Organism of Man and Animals Meditsina Press, Leningrad (NASA TT F-708).
Prausnitz, S., and C. Süsskind (1962) Effects of chronic microwave irradiation on mice. IRE Trans. Bio-Med. Electron. BME-9: 104.
Preskorn, S. H., W. D. Edwards, and D. R. Justesen (1978) Retarded tumor growth and greater longevity in mice after fetal irradiation by 2450 MHz microwaves. J. Surg. Oncol 10: 483.
Ragan, H. A., R. D. Phillips, R. L. Bushbom, R. H. Busch, and J. E. Morris (1980) Hematologic and immunologic effects of pulsed microwaves in mice. Bioelectromagnetics 4: 383.
Richardson, A. W. (1959) Blood coagulation changes due to electromagnetic microwave irradiations. Blood 14: 1237.
Roberts, N. J., Jr., and S. M. Michaelson (1983) Microwaves and neoplasia in mice: Analysis of a reported risk. Health Phys. 44: 430.
Rotkovska, D., and A. Vacek (1972) Effect of high-frequency electromagnetic fields upon haemopoietic stem cells in mice. Folia Biol. (Prague) 18: 292.
Rotkovska, D., and A. Vacek (1975) The effect of electromagnetic radiation on the hematopoietic stem cells of mice. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci 247: 243.
Rotkovska, D., and A. Vacek (1977) Modification of repair of X-irradiation damage of hemopoietic system of mice by microwaves. J. Microwave Power 12: 119.
Rozzell, T. C., C. C. Johnson, C. H. Durney, J. L. Lords, and R. G. Olsen (1974) A nonperturbing temperature sensor for measurements in electromagnetic fields. J. Microwave Power 9: 241.
Sacchitelli, F., and G. Sacchitelli (1960) Protection of personnel exposed to radar microwaves. Folia Med. (Naples) 43: 1219.
Sadchikova, M. N., and A. A. Orlova (1958) Clinical picture of the chronic effects of electromagnetic centimeter waves. Gig Tr. Prof. Zabol. (Moskow) 2: 16.
Serdiuk, A. M. (1969) Biological effect of low-intensity ultrahigh frequency fields. Vrach. Delo 11: 108.
Siekierzynski, M. (1972) The influence of microwave radiation on iron metabolism in rabbits. Med. Loin 39: 53.
Siekierzynski, M., P. Czerski, H Milczarek, A. Gidynski, C. Czarnecki, E. Dziuk, and W. Jedrzesczak (1974) Health surveillance of personnel occupationally exposed to microwaves. II. Functional disturbances. Aerosp. Med 45: 1143.
Smialowicz, R. J. (1979) Hematologic and immunologic effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med 55: 1094.
Sokolov, V. V., and M. N. Ariyevich (1960) Changes in the blood under the influence of SHF—UHF on the organism. Tt. Gig. Tr. Prof. AMN SSR 2: 43.
Sokolov, V. V., I. A. Gribova, and N. A. Chulina (1974) State of the blood system under the influence of SHF fields of various intensities and in radiowave sickness. In: Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Z. V. Gordon (ed.). National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va., pp. 63–71.
Spalding, J. F., R. W. Freyman, and L. M. Holland (1971) Effects of 800-MHz electromagnetic radiation on body weight, activity, hematopoiesis and life span in mice. Health Phys. 20: 421.
Switzer, W. G., and D. S. Mitchell (1977) Long-term effects of 2.45 GHz radiation on the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex and on hematologic profiles in rats. Radio Sci. 12: 287.
Szmigielski, S. (1975) Effect of 10 cm (3 GHz) electromagnetic radiation (microwaves) on granulocytes in vitro. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 247: 275.
Thomson, R. A. E., S. M. Michaelson, and J. W. Howland (1965) Modification of X-irradiation lethality in mice by microwaves (radar). Radiat. Res 24: 631.
Tyagin, N. V. (1957) Change in the blood of animals subjected to a SHF—UHF field. Tr. Voen. Med. Akad. Kirov 73: 116.
Vacek, D. R. A. (1972) Effect of high-frequency electromagnetic field upon haemopoietic stem cells in mice. Folia Biol. (Prague) 18: 292.
Yagi, K., R. Ueyama, S. Kurohane, N. Hiramine, H. Ito, and S. Umehara (1974) Harmful effects of microwave radiation on the bone marrow. In: Biological Effects and Health Hazards of Microwave Radiation, P. Czerski, K. Ostrowski, M. L. Shore, C. Silverman, M. J. Suess, and B. Waldeskog (eds.). Polish Medical Publishers, Warsaw, pp. 75–88.
Zalyubovskaya, N. P., and R. I. Kiselev (1978) The effect of radio-waves of a millimeter frequency range on the body of man and animal. Gig. Sanit 43: 35.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Michaelson, S.M., Lin, J.C. (1987). Effects on Hematopoiesis and Hematology. In: Biological Effects and Health Implications of Radiofrequency Radiation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4614-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4614-3_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3202-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4614-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive