Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk [1]. Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease in the United States and in other developed countries. In the United States, as many as 54% (16.8 million) of postmenopausal white women have low bone mass or osteopenia and another 30% (9.4 million) have osteoporosis. Among 50-year-old white women and men, the estimated lifetime fracture risk is 40% in women and 13% in men [2].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Consensus Development Conference: Diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med 1993, 94:646–650.
Melton LJ III, Chrischilles EA, Cooper C, et al.: Perspective: How many women have osteoporosis? J Bone Miner Res 1992, 7:1005–1010.
Melton LJ III: How many women have osteoporosis now? J Bone Miner Res 1995, 10:175–177.
Jones G, Nguyen T, Sambrook PN, et al.: Symptomatic fracture incidence in elderly men and women: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. Osteoporosis Int 1994, 4:277–282
Center J, Eisman J: The epidemiology and prevention of osteoporosis. Bailliere’s Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997, 11:23–62.
Nguyen T, Sambrook P, Kelly P, et al: Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by postural instability and bone density. BMJ 1993, 307:1111–1115.
Miller PD, Bonnick SL, Rosen CJ: Consensus of an international panel on the clinical utility of bone mass measurements in the detection of low bone mass in the adult population. Calcif Tiss Int 1996, 58:207–214.
Cooper C, Melton U III: Magnitude and impact of osteoporosis and fractures. In Osteoporosis. Edited by Marcus R. San Diego: Academic Press. 1996:419–34.
Seeley DG, Browner WS, Nevitt MC, et al., and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Group: Which fractures are associated with low appendicular bone mass in elderly women. Ann Intern Med 1991, 115:837–842.
Kanis JA, Melton LJ III, Christiansen C, et al.: The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1994, 9:1137–1141.
Wasnish RD: Epidemiology of osteoporosis. In Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, edn 3. Edited by Favus MJ. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996:249–251.
Ralston SH: Genetic control of susceptibility to osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87:2460–2466.
Looker AC, Orwoll ES, Johnston CC Jr, et al.: Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older U.S. adults from NHANES III. J Bone Miner Res 1997, 12:1761–1768.
Looker AC, Johnston CC Jr, Wahner HW, et al.: Prevalence for low femoral bone density in older U.S. women from NHANES III. J Bone Miner Res 1995, 10:796–802.
National Osteoporosis Foundation: 1996 and 2015 osteoporosis prevalence figures. State-by-state report. January 1997.
Cooper CC, Campion G, Melton LJ III: Hip fractures in the elderly: a worldwide projection. Osteoporosis Int 1992, 2:285–289.
Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA: World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporosis Int 1997, 7:407–413.
Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, et al.: Bone density at various sites for the prediction of hip fractures. Lancet 1993, 341:72–75.
Cooper C, Melton LJ III: Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1992, 3:224–229.
Ensrud KE, Lipschutz RC, Cauley JA, et al.: Body size and hip fracture risk in older women: a prospective study. Study of Osteoporotic Research Group. Am J Med 1997, 103:274–280.
Leske MC, Ederer F, Podgor M: Estimating incidence from age-specific prevalence in glaucoma. Am J Epidemiol 1981, 113:606–613.
Melton LJ, Lane AW, Cooper C, et al.: Prevalence and incidence of vertebral deformities. Osteoporosis Int 1993, 3:113–119.
Incidence of vertebral fracture in Europe: Results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study (EPOS). J Bone Miner Res 2002, 17:716–724.
Kanis JA, McCloskey EV: Evaluation of the risk of hip fracture. Bone 1996, 18:127S–132S.
Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, et al.: Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. N Engl J Med 1995, 332:767–773.
Nguyen TV, Elsman JA, Kelly PJ, Sambrook PN: Risk factors for osteoporotic fractures in elderly men. Am J Epidemiol 1996, 144:255–263.
Grisso JA, Kelsey JL, Strom BL, et al.: Risk factors for hip fracture in black women. N Engl J Med 1994, 330:1555–1559.
Melton LJ III, Thamer M, Ray NF, et al.: Fractures attributable to osteoporosis: report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. J Bone Miner Res 1997, 12:16–23.
Nevitt MC, Cummings SR, and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group: Type of fall and risk of hip and wrist fractures: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993, 41:1226–1234.
Nguyen TV, Center JR, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA: Risk factors for proximal humerus, forearm, and wrist fractures in elderly men and women. The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001, 153:587–595.
Center JR, Nguyen TV, Schneider DS, et al.: Mortality after all major types of osteoporotic fracture in men and women: an observational study. Lancet 1999, 353: 878–882.
Ray NF, Chan J, Thamer M, Melton JL III: Medical expenditures for the treatment of osteoporotic fractures in the United States in 1995: Report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. J Bone Miner Res 1997, 12:24–35.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Salamone, L.M. (2003). Epidemiology of Osteoporosis and Associated Fractures. In: Orwoll, E.S. (eds) Atlas of Osteoporosis. Current Medicine Group, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4561-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4561-0_5
Publisher Name: Current Medicine Group, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-4563-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-4561-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive