Abstract
This type of vertigo is associated with exposure to alterations in ambient pressure, either an increase (diving, pressure chamber, explosions) or a decrease (flying, altitude chambers). The atmosphere exerts an absolute pressure of 760 mmHg (1013 mbar) at sea level, the standard one atmosphere absolute (1 ATA) pressure. Changes of pressure in water increase linearly with increasing depth: one atmosphere is added for each 10 m. This increased pressure is balanced by breathing air delivered at the new ambient pressure and by equalizing the pressure in all gas-containing body cavities to ambient (Farmer and Thomas 1976; Margulies 1987). The volume of gas varies inversely with ambient pressure. It is this pressure-volume relationship that mostly causes barotrauma. The likelihood of damage to the Eustachian tube and middle and inner ear increases as the rate of change of external pressure increases, because large pressure differentials are produced in these areas.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Armstrong HG, Heim IW (1937) The effect of flight on the middle ear. JAMA 109: 417–421
Arness MK (1997) Scuba decompression illness and diving fatalities in an overseas military community. Aviat Space Environ Med 68: 325–333
Black WR, DeHart RL (1992) Decompression sickness: an increasing risk for the private pilot. Aviat Space Environ Med 63: 200–202
Brandt Th, Dieterich M, Fries W (1988) Otolithic Tullio phenomenon typically presents as paroxysmal ocular tilt reaction. Adv Oto Rhino Laryngol 42: 153–156
Broome JR, Dick EJ (1996) Neurological decompression illness in swine. Aviat Space Environ Med 67: 207–213
Chait RH, Casler J, Zajtchuk JT (1989) Blast injury of the ear: historical review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 98 (Suppl 140): 9–12
Conklin J, Kumar KV, Powell MR, Foster PP, Waligora JM (1996) A probabilistic model of hypobaric decompression sickness based on 66 chamber tests. Aviat Space Environ Med 67: 176–183
Edmonds C, Freeman PB (1972) Inner ear barotrauma. Arch Otolaryngol 95: 556–563
Farmer IC, Thomas WG (1976) Ear and sinus problems in diving. In: Strauss (ed) Diving medicine. Grune and Stratton, New York, pp 109–133
Goodhill V (1971) Sudden deafness and round window rupture. Laryngoscope 81: 1462–1474
Head PW (1984) Vertigo and barotrauma. In: Dix MR, Hood JD (eds) Vertigo. Wiley, Chichester, pp 199–215
Ildiz F, Dunbar A (1994) A case of Tullio phenomenon in a subject with oval window fistula due to barotrauma. Aviat Space Environ Med 65: 67–69
Jahrsdoerfer R (1979) The effects of impulse noise on the eardrum and middle ear. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 12: 515–520
Kerr AG, Bryne JET (1975a) Concussive effects of bomb blast on the ear. J Laryngol Otol 89: 131–143
Kerr AG, Bryne JET (1975b) Blast injuries to the ear. BMJ 1: 559–561
Kumar KV, Waligora JM, Calkins DS (1990) Threshold altitude resulting in decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 61: 685–689
Lundgren CEG, Malm LU (1966) Alternobaric vertigo among pilots. Aerospace Med 37: 178–180
Luxon LM (1996) Post-traumatic vertigo. In: Baloh RW, Halmagyi M (eds) Disorders of the vestibular system. Oxford University Press, Oxford pp 381–395
Margulies ADC (1987) A short course in diving medicine. Ann Emerg Med 16: 689–701
Nakashima T, Itoh M, Sato M, Watanabe Y, Yanagita N (1988) Auditory and vestibular disorders due to barotrauma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 97: 146–152
Olson RM, Krutz RW (1991) Significance of delayed symptom onset and bubble growth in altitude decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 62: 296–299
Pullen FW (1992) Perilymphatic fistula induced by barotrauma. Am J Otol 13: 270–272
Rudge FW (1992) Altitude-induced arterial gas embolism: a case report. Aviat Space Environ Med 63: 203–205
Shupak A, Doweck I, Nachtigal D, Spitzer O, Gordon CR (1993) Vestibular and audiometric consequences of blast injury to the ear. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 119: 1362–1367
Sulaiman ZM, Pilmanis AA, O’Connor RB (1997) Relationship between age and susceptibility to altitude decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 68: 695–698
Weien RW, Baumgartner N (1990) Altitude decompression sickness: hyperbaric therapy results in 528 cases. Aviat Space Environ Med 61: 833–836
Wicks RE (1989) Alternobaric vertigo: an aeromedical review. Aviat Space Environ Med 60: 67–72
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brandt, T. (2003). Vertigo due to barotrauma. In: Vertigo. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3801-8_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3801-8_23
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-40500-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3801-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive