Abstract
This paper takes the strains of symmetry as the starting point for an exploration of different stages in feminist economics. The first stage involves symmetry among men and women. The second stage concerns the breaking down of the privileged position of male economists over female ones. The third stage moves to the level of male and female analysts of economics. The paper connects these stages with efforts to establish symmetry in economics in general and macroeconomics in particular. These endeavors encounter serious obstacles that may be removed with the help of feminist economics. Therefore, the paper argues, there are not only ontological and epistemological reasons for seeking symmetry, but also strategic and political ones.
An outline of this paper was presented to a meeting of the Feministisch Economisch Netwerk Nederland and I thank the participants, and in particular the organizer, Edith Kuiper, for valuable feedback. A first draft of this paper was presented to the conference Women in the Exchange Society: (Self-)Deception and Other Imponderables and I am very grateful for the suggestions I received from the participants, especially the two organizers, Caroline Gerschlager and Monika Mokre. The subsequent revision of the paper has greatly benefited from the comments of Caroline Gerschlager and Philip Mirowski.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amsden, Alice Hoffenberg (1980): Introduction. In: Hoffenberg Amsden, A. (ed.), The economics of women and work. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 11–38.
Barker, Drucilla K. (1999a): Gender. In: Peterson, Lewis (1999a), pp. 390–396.
Barker, Drucilla K. (1999b): Neoclassical economics. In: Peterson, J., Lewis, M. (1999a), pp. 570-577. Barrett, Nancy S. (1981): How the study of women has restructured the discipline of economics. In:
Langland, E., Grove, W. R. (eds.), A feminist perspective in the academy: The difference it makes.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 101-109.
Bergmann, Barbara R. (1998): The only ticket to equality: Total androgyny, male style. Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 9 (Spring), pp. 75–86.
Blank, Rebecca (1991): The effects of double-blind versus single-blind reviewing: Experimental evidence from the American Economic Review. 81 (5), pp. 1041–1967.
Blau, Francine D., Jusenius, Carol L. (1976): Economists’ approaches to sex segregation in the labor market: An appraisal. In: Blaxall, M., Reagan, B. B. (eds.), Women and the workplace. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 181–201.
Bordo, Susan (1987): The flight to objectivity: Essays on Cartesianism and culture. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Bruegel, Irene, Humphries, Jane (eds.) (1998): Symposium: Equal opportunities and employment change in Western European economies. Feminist Economics 4 (1), pp. 51-125.
Davis, John B., Wade Hands, D., Maki, Uskali (eds.) (1998): The handbook of economic methodology. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Debreu, Gerard (1974): Excess demand functions. Journal of Mathematical Economics 1 (1), pp. 15-23. Dimand, Mary Ann, Dimand, Robert W., Forget, Evelyn L. (eds.) (1995): Women of value: Feminist essays on the history of women in economics. Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar.
Edgeworth, Francis Ysidro (1881): Mathematical physics: An essay on the application of mathematics to the moral sciences. London: C. Kegan Paul & Co.
England, Paula (1993): The separate self: Androcentric bias in neoclassical assumptions. In: Ferber, M.. A., Nelson, J. A. (1993a), pp. 37–53.
Esim, Simel (1997): Can feminist methodology reduce power hierarchies in research settings? Feminist Economics 3 (2), pp. 137–139.
Ferber, Marianne A. (1988): Citations and networking. Gender and Society 2, pp. 82–89.
Ferber, Marianne A, Birnbaum, Bonnie G., Green, Carole A. (1983): Gender differences and economic
knowledge: A reevaluation of the evidence. Journal of Economic Education 20,pp. 93-105. Ferber, Marianne A., Nelson, Julie A. (eds.) (1993a): Beyond economic man: Feminist theory andeconomics. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Ferber, Marianne A., Nelson, Julie A. (19936): Introduction: The social construction of economics and the social construction of gender. In: Ferber, M. A., Nelson, J. A. (eds.), Beyond economic man: Feminist theory and economics. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 1–22.
Ferber, Marianne A. Teiman, Michelle L. (1981): The oldest, the most established, the most quantitative of the social sciences — and the most dominated by men: The impact of feminism on economics. In: Dale Spender (ed.), Men’s Studies Modified. New York: Pergamon.
Folbre, Nancy (1991): The unproductive housewife: Her evolution in nineteenth-century economic thought. Signs 16 (3), pp. 463–484.
Folbre, Nancy (1993): Socialism, feminist and scientific. In: Ferber, M. A., Nelson, J. A. (eds.), Beyond economic man: Feminist theory and economics. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 94–110.
Folbre, Nancy, Hartmann, Heidi (1988): The rhetoric of self-interest and the ideology of gender. In: Klamer, A., McCloskey, D. N., Solow, R. M. (eds.), The Consequences of Economic Rhetoric. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 184–203.
Forget, Evelyn L. (1996): Margaret Gilpin Reid: A Manitoba home economist goes to Chicago. Feminist Economics 2 (3), pp. 1–16.
Geanakoplos, John (1989): Arrow-Debreu model of general equilibrium In Eatwell, J., Milgate, M., Newman, P. (eds.), The New Palgrave: General Equilibrium. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, pp. 43–61.
Gerschlager, Caroline (2002): Adam Smith and Feminist perspectives on exchange. In: Gerschlager, C.,
Mokre, M. (eds.), Exchange and Deception: A Feminist Perspective. Boston-Dordrecht-London: Kluwer academic publishers, pp. 13-26.
Grapard, Ulla (1999): Methodology. In: Peterson, Lewis (1999a), pp. 544–555.
Groenewegen, Peter, (ed.) (1994): Feminism and political economy in Victorian England. Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar.
Hakansson, Nils H., Kunkel, J. Gregor, Ohlson, James A. (1982): Sufficient and necessary conditions for
information to have social value in pure exchange. Journal of Finance 37 (5),pp. 1169-1181. Hammond, Claire Holton (1993): American women and the professionalization of economics. Review of Social Economy 51 (3),pp. 347-370.
Hammond, Claire Holton (1999): Women in the economics profession. In: Peterson, J., Lewis, M. (eds.),
The Elgar companion to feminist economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 757-764. Harding, Sandra (1986): The science question in feminism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Harding, Sandra (ed.) (1987a): Feminism & methodology. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana
University Press.
Harding, Sandra (1987b): Is there a feminist methode In: Harding, S. (ed.), Feminism & methodology. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, pp. 1–14.
Harding, Sandra (1991): Whose science? Whose knowledge? Thinking from women’s lives. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Harding, Sandra (1995): Can feminist thought make economics more objective? Feminist Economics I (1), pp. 7–32.
Harraway, Donna J. (1991): Simians, cyborgs, and women: The reinvention of nature. New York: Routledge.
Hickman, Bert G. (ed.) (1972): Econometric models of cyclical behavior. New York: Columbia University Press.
Jennings, Ann (1993): Public or private: Institutional economics and feminism. In: Ferber, M. A., Nelson, J. A. (eds.), Beyond economic man: Feminist theory and economics. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 111–130.
Jennings, Ann (1999): Dualisms. In: Peterson, Lewis, M. (eds.), The Elgar companion to feminist economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 142–153.
Keller, Evelyn Fox (1985): Reflections on gender and science. New Haven: Yale University Press. Keller, Evelyn Fox, Longino, Helen E. (eds.) (1996): Feminism & science. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Kuiper, Edith (1997): Review of ‘Feminism, objectivity, and economics’ by Julie Nelson. Feminist Economics 3 (1), pp. 196–200.
Kuiper, Edith, Sap, Jolande (eds.) (1995): Out of the margin: Feminist perspectives on economics. London and New York: Routledge.
Lewis, Margaret (1999): History of economic thought. In: Peterson, J., Lewis, M. (eds.), The Elgar companion to feminist economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 433–443.
Longino, Helen E. (1990): Science as social knowledge. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Longino, Helen E. ( 1992 ): Feminist, philosophical, and social studies of science. In: McMullin, E. (ed.),
The social dimensions of science. Notre Dame. In: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 198-216. Lucas, Robert E. (1972): Expectations and the neutrality of money. Journal of Economic Theory 4 (2), pp.
Longio, Helen E. (1992): Feminist, philosophical, and social studies of science. In: McMullin, E. (ed.), The social dimensions of science. Notre Dame. In: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 198-216.
Lucas, Robert E. (1976): Econometric policy evaluation: A critique. In: Brunner, K., Meltzer, A. H. (eds.), The Phillips curve and labor markets. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy Vol. 1, Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 19–46.
Mantel, Rolf R. (1976): Homothetic preferences and community excess demand functions. Journal of Economic Theory 12 (2), pp. 197–201.
McCloskey, Donald N. (1993): Some consequences of conjective economics. In: Ferber, M. A., Nelson, J. A. (eds.), Beyond economic man: Feminist theory and economics. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 69–93.
Milgrom, Paul, Stokey, Nancy (1982): Information, trade, and common knowledge. Journal of Economic Theory 26 (1), pp. 17–27.
SENT
Moore, David Chioni (1994): Feminist accounting theory as a critique of what’s ‘natural’ in economics.
In: Mirowski, P. E. (ed.), Natural images in economic thought: Markets read in tooth and claw. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 583-610.
Nelson, Julie A. (1992a). Gender, metaphor, and the definition of economics. Economics and Philosophy 8, pp. 103–125.
Nelson, Julie A. (1992b): Thinking about gender. Hypathia 7 (3), pp. 138–154.
Nelson, Julie A. (1993): The study of choice or the study of provisioning? Gender and the definition of economics. In: Ferber, M. A., Nelson, J. A. (eds.), Beyond economic man: Feminist theory and economics. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 23–36.
Nelson, Julie A. (1996): Feminism, objectivity & economics. London and New York: Routledge.
Nelson, Julie A. (1998): Feminist economic methodology. In: Davis, J. B., Hands, W. D., Maki, U. (eds.)
The handbook of economic methodology. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 189-192. Nelson, Julie A. (1999): Economic man. In: Peterson, J., Lewis, M. (eds.), The Elgar companion tofeminist economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 284-289.
Nicholson, Linda J. (ed.) (1990): Feminism/Postmodernism. London: Routledge.
Peterson, Janice, Lewis, Margaret (eds.) (1999a): The Elgar companion to feminist economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Peterson, Janice, Lewis, Margaret (1999b): Introduction. In: Peterson J., Lewis, M. (eds.), The Elgar companion to feminist economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. xv-xvii.
Pujol, Michèle (1992): Feminism and anti feminism in early economic thought. Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar.
Rizvi, S. Abu Turab (1991): Specialisation and the existence problem in general equilibrium theory. Contributions to Political Economy 10, pp. 1–10.
Rosser, Sue V. (1989): Feminist scholarship in the sciences: Where are we now and when can we expect a theoretical breakthrough?. In: Tuana, N. (ed.), Feminism & science. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, pp. 3–14.
Rubinstein, Mark (1975): Security market efficiency in an Arrow-Debreu economy. American Economic Review 65 (5), pp. 812–824.
Sawhill, Isabel V. (1977): Economic perspectives on the family. Deadalus 106 (2), pp. 115–125.
Seiz, Janet E. (1993): Feminism and the history of economic thought. History of Political Economy 25 (1), pp. 185–201.
Seiz, Janet E. (1995): Epistemology and the tasks of feminist economics. Feminist Economics 1 (3), pp. 110–118.
Seiz, Janet E. (1997): Review of ‘Beyond economic man’ by Marianne A. Ferber & Julie A. Nelson (eds.) and ‘Out of the margin’ by Edith Kuiper & Jolande Sap (eds.). Feminist Economics 3 (1), pp. 179188.
Sent, Esther-Mirjam (1998): The evolving rationality of rational expectations: An assessment of Thomas Sargent‘s achievements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Siegfried, John (1979): Male-female differences in economic education: A survey. Journal of Economic Education 10, pp. 1–11.
Sonnenschein, Hugo (1972): Market excess demand functions. Econometrica 40 (3), pp. 549-63. Strassmann, Diana (1993): Not a free market: The Rhetoric of disciplinary authority in economics. In:
Ferber, Nelson (eds.), Beyond economic man: Feminist theory and economics. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 54-68.
Strassmann, Diana (1997a): Editorial: Expanding the methodological boundaries of economics. Feminist Economics 3 (2), pp. vii-ix.
Strassmann, Diana (1997b): Review of ‘Feminism, objectivity, and economics’ by Julie Nelson. Journal of Economic Literature 35 (4), pp. 2072–2073.
Strassmann, Diana (1999): Feminist economics. In: Peterson, J., Lewis, M. (1999a), pp. 360-373. Tirole, Jean (1982): On the possibility of speculation under rational expectations. Econometrica 50(5), pp. 1163-1182.
Tuana, Nancy (ed.) (1989): Feminism & science. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Van Staveren, Irene (1997): Focus Groups: Contributing to a gender-aware methodology. Feminist Economics 3 (2), pp. 131–135.
Varian, Hal R. (1987): Differences of opinion in financial markets. Financial risk: Theory, evidence, and implications, Proceedings of the 11th Annual Economic Policy Conference of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, pp. 3–37.
Waring, Marilyn (1988): If women counted: A new feminist economics. San Francisco: Harper & Row. Weintraub, E. Roy (ed.) (1993): Minisymposium: Feminist theory and the history of economic thought. History of Political Economy 25 (1),pp. 117-201.
Zuckerman, Harriet, Jonathan R. Cole, & John T. Bruer, (eds.) (1992): The outer circle: Women in the scientific community. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sent, EM. (2002). Symmetry in Feminist Economics. In: Gerschlager, C., Mokre, M. (eds) Exchange and Deception: A Feminist Perspective. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3470-6_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3470-6_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-5301-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3470-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive