Abstract
The voltage controlled oscillator and the prescaler are building blocks which dominate power consumption of RF frequency synthesizers. This paper explores the low power aspects of CMOS VCO and prescaler design. Different resonator circuits are analyzed and compared. Measurement results on a 1GHz oscillator, a quadrature signal generator, and a dual modulus prescaler, all with very low power consumption, are presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
When less is more, Mobile Europe, Vol. 7, No. 2, February 1997
J. Rudell et al., A 1.9-GHz Wide-Band IF Double Conversion CMOS Receiver for Cordless Telephone Applications, IEEE J. of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 32, Dec. 1997, pp. 2071–2088
A. Roufougaran, G. Chang, J. Rael et al., A Single-Chip 900MHz Spread- Spectrum Wireless Transceiver in 1mm CMOS, Part I-II, IEEE J. of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 33, April 1998, pp. 515–547
T. Stetzler et al, A 2.7–4.5V single chip GSM transceiver RF integrated circuit, IEEE J. of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 30, pp. 1421–1429
C. Marshall et al, A 2.7V GSM transceiver IC with on-chip filtering, IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 1995, pp. 148–149
P. Orsatti, F. Piazza, Q. Huang, A 20mA-Receive, 55mA-Transmit, Single- Chip GSM Transceiver in 0.25\im CMOS, IEEE. J. of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 34, No. 12, December 1999
D. Pederson and K. Mayaram, Analog Integrated Circuits for Communications, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991
Q. Huang, Power Consumption vs. LO Amplitude for CMOS Colpitts Oscillators, Proc. CICC 1997, pp. 255–258
Q. Huang, F. Piazza, P. Orsatti, T. Ohguro, The Impact of Scaling Down to Deep Submicron on CMOS RF Circuits, IEEE J. of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 33, No. 7, July 1998
C. Patrick, S. Wong, On-Chip Spiral Inductors with Patterned Ground Shields for Si-Based RF IC’s, IEEE J. of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 33, No. 5, May 1998
B. Park, P. Allen, A 1GHz, Low -Phase-Noise CMOS Frequency Synthesizer with Integrated LC VCO For Wireless Communications, Proc. of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference 1998, pp. 567–570
J. Craninckx, M. Steyaert, H. Miyakawa, A Fully Integrated Spiral-LC CMOS VCO Set with Prescaler for GSM and DCS-1800 Systems, Proc. of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference 1997, pp. 403–406
T. Soorapanath, et al., Analysis and Optimization of Accumulation-Mode Varactor for RF ICs, Digest of VLSI Symposium, 1998, pp. 32–33
S. Lo, C. Olgaard, D. Rose, A 1.8V/3.5mA LlGHz/300MHz CMOS Dual PLL Frequency Synthesizer ICfor RF Communications, Proc. of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference 1998, pp. 571–574
J. Tham et al., A 2.7V 900MHz/1.9GHz Dual-Band Transceiver ICfor Digital Wireless Communication, Proc. of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference 1998, pp. 559–562
Datasheet, Chip Inductors 0805HQ Series, Coilcraft Inc.
Datasheet, Hyperabrupt Tuning Varactors SMV1232–37, Alpha Industries
Datasheet, R04000 Series High Frequency Circuits Materials, Rogers microwave products, 1998
A. Gopinath, Maximum Q-Factors ofMicrostrip Resonators, IEEE T. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 29, No. 2, February 1981
J. James, A. Henderson, High-frequency behavior in microstrip open-circuit termination, IEE J. on Microwaves, Optics and Acoustics, Vol 3, No. 5, 1979
T. Edwards, Foundations for Microstrip Circuit Design, John Wiley, 1992
H. Cong et al., Multigigahertz CMOS Dual-Modulus Prescaler 1C, IEEE J. of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 23, 1988, Oct. 1988, pp. 1189–1193
J. Craninckx, M. Steyaert, A 1.75-GHz/3VDual-Modulus Divide-by-128/ 129 Prescaler in 0.7mm CMOS, IEEE J. of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 31, July 1996, pp. 890–897
Motorola Semiconductor Data Sheet MCI2053A, 1997
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pfaff, D., Huang, Q. (2000). Low Power Circuits for RF-Frequency Synthesizers in the Low GHz Range. In: van de Plassche, R.J., Huijsing, J.H., Sansen, W. (eds) Analog Circuit Design. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3198-9_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3198-9_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-5002-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-3198-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive