Abstract
Bladder neck plasty, which is the planned third stage in staged reconstruction of bladder exstrophy grew out of the earlier contributions to incontinence surgery by Hugh Hampton Young, John Dees, Guy Leadbetter and Victor Marshall. Early attempts at reconstruction of classical bladder exstrophy were often dismal failures leading to the statement in the reigning pediatric urology text by Campbell1 in 1951 to say that all exstrophies should be diverted to the skin or the bowel as their best means of management.
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References
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Lakshmanan, Y., Gearhart, J.P., Jeffs, R.D. (1999). Review of Long-Term Results of Staged Functional Reconstruction and Bladder Neck Plasty in Bladder Exstrophy Patients Followed from Birth at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. In: Gearhart, J.P., Mathews, R. (eds) The Exstrophy—Epispadias Complex. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3056-2_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3056-2_24
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