Skip to main content

Rare Plant Demography: Lessons from the Mariposa Lilies (Calochortus: Liliaceae)

  • Chapter
Conservation Biology

Abstract

Rare plants have been intensively studied and described in the past two decades (e.g., Falk and Holsinger 1991; Given 1994; Frankel, Brown, and Burdon 1995; Falk, Millar, and Olwell 1996), in part due to the recovery mandates under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973. The great majority of past work on rare plants has been genetic in nature (Fiedler unpublished), with demographic studies only recently becoming central to rare plant conservation. Indeed, an understanding of population dynamics along with general life history characteristics is accepted as fundamental to rare plant protection efforts, including restoration (Schemske et al. 1994; Falk, Millar, and Olwell 1996). For example, Pavlik (1994, 1995, 1996; chapter 5) has argued repeatedly that rare plant reintroduction efforts must be demographically-based, so that consequent variation in births, deaths, and fecundity can be understood in the context of individual life histories.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature Cited

  • Aplet, G.H., R.D. Laven, and R.B. Shaw. 1994. Application of transition matrix models to the recovery of the rare shrub, Tetramolopium arenarium (Asteraceae). Natural Areas Journal 14:99–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bierzychudek, P. 1982. The demography of jack-in-the-pulpit, a forest perennial that changes sex. Ecological Monographs 52:335–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caswell, H. 1989. Matrix population models. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charron, D. and D. Gagnon. 1991. The demography of northern populations of Panax quinquefolium. Journal of Ecology 79:431–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cipollini, M.L., D.A. Wallace-Senft, and D.F. Whigham. 1994. A model of patch dynamics, seed dispersal, and sex ratio in the dioecious shrub Lindera benzoin (Lauraceae). Journal of Ecology 82:621–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • deKroon, H., A. Plaisier, J. van Groenendael, and H. Caswell. 1986. Elasticity: The relative contribution of demographic parameters to population growth rate. Ecology 67:1427–1431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, D.A. and K.E. Holsinger, eds. 1991. Genetics and conservation of rare plants. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk, D.A., C.I. Millar, and M. Olwell, eds. 1996. Restoring diversity. Strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferson, S. 1991. RAMAS/stage: Generalized stage-based modeling for population dynamics. Seatuket, NY: Applied B iomathematic s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiedler, P.L. 1987. Life history and population dynamics of rare and common mariposa lilies. Journal of Ecology 75:977–995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiedler, P.L. and R.K. Zebell. 1997. Calochortus. Treatment for Volume 11, Flora of North America. N. Morin, convening editor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R.A. 1930. The genetical nature of natural selection. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, O.H., A.H.D. Brown, and J.J. Burdon. 1995. The conservation of plant diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredricks, N.A. 1992. Population biology of rare mariposa lilies (Calochortus: Liliaceae) endemic to serpentine soils in southwestern Oregon. Ph.D. dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Given, D.R. 1994. Principles and practice of plant conservation. Portland: Timber Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanzawa, F.M. and S. Kalisz. 1993. The relationship between age, size and reproduction in Trillium grandiflorum (Liliaceae). American Journal of Botany 80:405–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harper, J.L. 1977. Population biology of plants. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvitz, C.C. and D.W. Schemske. 1995. Spatiotemporal variation in demographic transitions of a tropical understory herb: Projection matrix analysis. Ecological Monographs 65:155–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keyfitz, N. 1977. Index to the mathematics of populations. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knapp, B.E. 1996. Natural history and population dynamics of Calochortus westonii. M.A. thesis, San Francisco State University, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Law, R. 1983. A model for the dynamics of a plant population containing individuals classified by age and size. Ecology 64: 224–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkovitch, L.P. 1965. The study of population growth in organisms grouped by stages. Biometrics 1:1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leslie, P.H. 1945. On the use of matrices in certain population mathematics. Biometrika 32: 183–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menges, E.S. 1992. Stochastic modeling of extinction in plant populations. In Conservation biology: The theory and practice of nature conservation, preservation, and management, eds. P.L. Fiedler and S.K. Jain, 253–275. New York: Chapman and Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moloney, K.A. 1986. A generalized algorithm for determining category size. Oecologia 69:176–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ownbey, M. 1940. A monograph of the genus Calochortus. Annuals of the Missouri Botanic Garden 27:371–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oostermeijer, J.G., M.L. Brugman, E.R. De Boer, and H.C.M. Den Nijs. 1996. Temporal and spatial variation in the demography of Gentiana pneumonanthe, a rare perennial herb. Journal of Ecology 84:153–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlik, B.M. 1994. Demographic monitoring and the recovery of endangered plants. In Recovery and restoration of endangered species, eds. M. Bowles and C.J. Whelan, 322–350. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlik, B.M. 1995. The recovery of an endangered plant II. A three-phased approach to restoring populations. In Restoration ecology in Europe, eds. K.M. Urbanska and K. Grodzinska, 49–69. Zurich, Switzerland: Geobotanical Institute SFIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlik, B.M. 1996. Conserving plant species diversity: The challenge of recovery. In Biodiversity in managed landscapes theory and practice, eds. R.C. Szaro and D.W. Szaro, 359–376. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, T.B., T.J. Givnish, and K.J. Sytsma. 1996. Preliminary molecular phylogeny for Calochortus (Liliaceae s.l.) based on cpDNA spacer sequences. American Journal of Botany Suppl. 83:185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schemske, D.W., B.C. Husband, M.H. Ruckelshaus, C. Goodwillie, I.M. Parker, and J.G. Bishop. 1994. Evaluating approaches to the conservation of rare and endangered plants. Ecology 75:584–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silvertown, J., M. Franco, and K. McConway. 1992. A demographic interpretation of Grime’s triangle. Functional Ecology 6:130–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silvertown, J., M. Franco, and E. Menges. 1996. Interpretation of elasticity matrices as an aid to the management of plant populations for conservation. Conservation Biology 10:591–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silvertown, J., M. Franco, I. Pisanty, and A. Mendoza. 1993. Comparative plant demography relative importance of life-cycle components to the finite rate of increase in woody and herbaceous perennials. Journal of Ecology 81:465–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vandermeer, J. 1982. To be rare is to be chaotic. Ecology 63:1167–1168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waterloo Maple Software. 1995. Maple V, Release 3, Student Edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, P.A. and H. Caswell. 1977. Population growth rates and age versus stage-distribution models for teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris Huds.). Ecology 58:1103–1111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, T.P. 1984. Comparative demography of semelparous Lobelia telekii and iteroparous Lobelia keniensis on Mount Kenya. Journal of Ecology 72:637–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, T.P. 1985. Lobelia telekii herbivory, mortality, and size a reproduction: Variation with growth rate. Ecology 66:1879–1883.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fiedler, P.L., Knapp, B.E., Fredricks, N. (1998). Rare Plant Demography: Lessons from the Mariposa Lilies (Calochortus: Liliaceae). In: Fiedler, P.L., Kareiva, P.M. (eds) Conservation Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2880-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2880-4_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-2882-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2880-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics