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Biomechanics pp 108–205Cite as

Blood Flow in Arteries

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Abstract

The larger systemic arteries, shown in Figure 3.1:1, conduct blood from the heart to the peripheral organs. Their dimensions are given in Table 3.1:1. In humans, the aorta originates in the left ventricle at the aortic valve, and almost immediately curves about 180°, branching off to the head and upper limbs. It then pursues a fairly straight course downward through the diaphragm to the abdomen and legs. The aortic arch is tapered, curved, and twisted (i.e., its centerline does not lie in a plane). Other arteries have constant diameter between branches, but every time a daughter branch forks off the main trunk the diameter of the trunk is reduced. Overall, the aorta may be described as tapered. In the dog, the change of area fits the exponential equation,

$$ A=A_{0}e^{(Bx/R_{o})}$$

where A is the area of the aorta, A 0 and R 0 are, respectively, the area and radius at the upstream site, x is the distance from that upstream site, and B is a “taper factor,” which has been found to lie between 0.02 and 0.05. Figure 3.1:2 shows a sketch of the dog aorta.

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Fung, Y.C. (1997). Blood Flow in Arteries. In: Biomechanics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2696-1_3

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