Skip to main content

Models for Speed and Time-Limit Tests

  • Chapter
Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory

Abstract

There is a long tradition in the ability testing literature, going back at least to Spearman (1927) and Thorndike et al. (1927), that response speed is as much an indicator of ability as is the correctness of responses to items of increasing difficulty (Berger, 1982; Eysenck, 1982; Brand and Dreary, 1982). Some tests are pure speed tests (consisting of items that are virtually always correctly solved, and where completion time is the recorded variable), others are pure power tests (consisting of items of increasing difficulty, administered without time limit, where the number of correct responses is the recorded variable), but most tests are a mixture: They consist of items of varying difficulty and are administered with a time limit.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andersen, E.B. (1973). A goodness of fit test for the Rasch model. Psychometrika 38, 123–140.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, M. (1982). The scientific approach to intelligence: An overview of its history with special reference to mental speed. In H.J. Eysenck (Ed.), A Model for Intelligence (pp. 13–43 ). Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brand, C.R. and Dreary, I.J. (1982). Intelligence and `inspection time.’ In H.J. Eysenck (Ed.), A Model for Intelligence (pp. 133–148 ). Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donders, A.R.T. (1990). Estimation problems in the Rasch-Weibull model. Unpublished masters dissertation, University of Nijmegen, Department of Mathematical Psychology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenck, H.J. (1982). Introduction. In H.J. Eysenck (Ed.), A Model for Intelligence (pp. 1–10). Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, G.H. (1974). Einführung in die Theorie psychologischer Tests [Introduction to Test Theory], Bern, Stuttgart, Wien: Huber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, G.H. (1991). On power series models and the specifically objective assessment of change in event frequencies. In J.-P. Doignon and J.-C. Falmagne (Eds.), Mathematical Psychology, Current Developments (pp. 293–310 ). New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, G.H. and Kisser, R. (1983). Notes on the exponential latency model and an empirical application. In H. Wainer and S. Messick (Eds.), Principals of Modern Psychological Measurement (pp. 139–157). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furneaux, W.D. (1960). Intellectual abilities and problem solving behavior. In H.J. Eysenck (Ed.), Handbook of Abnormal Psychology (pp. 167–192 ). New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glas, C.A.W. (1988). The derivation of some tests for the Rasch model from the multinomial distribution, Psychometrika 53, 525–547.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Glas, C.A.W. (1989). Contributions to Estimating and Testing Rasch Models. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glas, C.A.W. and Ellis, J. (1993). Rasch Scaling Program: User’s Manual. Groningen: lec-Prot amura.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustafsson, J.E. (1980). A solution for the conditional estimation problem for long tests in the Rasch model for dichotomous items. Educational and Psychological Measurement 40, 377–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, M.G.H. and Van Duijn, M.A.J. (1992). Extensions of Rasch’ multiplicative Poisson model. Psychometrika 57, 405–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, P.G.W. and Roskam, E.E. (1986). Latent trait models and dichotomization of graded responses. Psychometrika 51, 69–92.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Luce, R.D. (1986). Response Times: Their Roles in Inferring Elementary Mental Organization. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maris, E. (1993). Additive and multiplicative models for gamma distributed random variables, and their application as psychometric models for response times. Psychometrika 58, 445–471.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Metzler, J. and Shepard, R.N. (1974). Transformational studies of the internal representation of three-dimensional objects. In R.L. Solso (Ed.), Theories in Cognitive Psychology (pp. 147–201 ). New York, Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mislevy, R.J. (1984). Estimating latent distributions. Psychometrika 49, 359–381.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Mislevy, R.J. (1986). Bayes modal estimation in item response models. Psychometrika 51, 177–195.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Ollman, R.T. (1977). Choice reaction time and the problem of distinguishing task effects from strategy effects. In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and Performance, VI (pp. 99–113 ). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Copenhagen: Nielsen & Lydiche.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roskam, E.E. (1987). Toward a psychometric theory of intelligence. In E.E. Roskam and R. Suck (Eds.), Progress in Mathematical Psychology (pp. 151–174 ). Amsterdam: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roskam, E.E. and Jansen, P.G.W. (1989). Conditions for Rasch-dichotomizability of the unidimensional polytomous Rasch model. Psychometrika 54, 317–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheiblechner, H. (1979). Specific objective stochastic latency mechanisms. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 19, 18–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheiblechner, H. (1985). Psychometric models for speed-test construction: the linear exponential model. In S.E. Embretson (Ed.), Test Design, Developments in Psychology and Psychometrics (pp. 219–244 ). New York, NY: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spearman, C. (1927). The Abilities of Men. London: MacMillan. Thorndike, E.L., Bregman, E.O., Cobb, M.V., and Woodyard, E. (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurstone, L.L. (1937). Ability, motivation, and speed. Psychometrika 2, 249–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Breukelen, G.J.P. (1989). Concentration, Speed, and Precision in Mental Tests. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Breukelen, G.P.J. and Roskam, E.E. (1991). A Rasch model for speed-accuracy trade-off in time limited tests. In J.-Cl. Falmagne and J.-P. Doignon (Eds.), Mathematical Psychology, Current Developments (pp. 251–272 ). New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Wollenberg, A.L. (1979). The Rasch Model and Time-Limit Tests. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Wollenberg, A.L. (1982). Two new test statistics for the Rasch model. Psychometrika 47, 123–141.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Wollenberg, A.L. (1983). Measuring subjects on a joint scale by means of time-limit tests. Tijdschrift voor Onderwijsresearch 8, 145156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Wollenberg, A.L. (1985). Speed and precision: Facts or artefacts? Tijdschrift voor Onderwijsresearch, 10, 69–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhelst, N.D., Verstralen, H.H.F.M., and Jansen, M.G.H. (1992). A Logistic Model for Time-Limit Tests (Measurement and Research Department Reports 92–1 ). Arnhem: CITO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warm, T.A. (1990). Weighted maximum likelihood estimation of ability in item response theory. Psychometrika 54, 427–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, P.O. (1982). Some major components in general intelligence. In H.J. Eysenck (Ed.), A Model for Intelligence (pp. 44–90 ). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Roskam, E.E. (1997). Models for Speed and Time-Limit Tests. In: van der Linden, W.J., Hambleton, R.K. (eds) Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2691-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2691-6_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-2849-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2691-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics