Abstract
As the baby boom generation comes of age, the geriatric imperative becomes increasingly clear. By the year 2030, the current geriatric population will have almost doubled and represent close to one-fourth the population.1 Moreover, the fastest growing population in the United States is the old-old, age 85 and older.2 The elder population is dominated by women, and this predominance increases with age. Older men are more likely than women to be married and to live with their families.3 This increasing population of older adults has profound social and economic implications. Despite changes in mandatory retirement, only 12% of elders work after age 65. Social Security is the prime income source for most elders, and although their median net worth is almost twice that of younger adults4 the burden of health care becomes overwhelming.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
US Bureau of the Census, US Department of Commerce. Projections of the population of the United States by age, sex, and race: 1988–2080. Current Population Reports, Population Estimates and Projections, series p-25, no. 1018, 1989.
Fowles DG. A profile of older Americans: 1990. Washington, DC: American Association of Retired Persons, Administration on Aging; 1990:4. DHHS publication PF 3029 (1290) D996.
Atchley R. Social forces and aging. 6th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1991.
Gornick M, Greenberg JN, Eggers PW, et al. Twenty years of Medicare and Medicaid: covered populations, use of benefits, and program expenditures. HCF Review 1985 Annual Supplement, December 1985.
US Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to clinical preventive services. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1989.
Zazove P, Mehr DR, Ruffin MT, et al. A criterion-based review of preventive health care in the elderly. Part 2. A geriatric health maintenance program. J Fam Pract 1992;34:320–47.
Lavizzo-mourey R, Day SC, Diserens D, Grisso JA. Practicing prevention for the elderly. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, 1989.
Larson EB, Bruce RA. Health benefits of exercise in an aging society. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:353–6.
Posner JD. Optimal aging: the role of exercise. Patient Care 1992;26:35–52.
Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Hsien CC. Physical activity, all-cause mortality and longevity of college alumni. N Engl J Med 1986;314: 605–13.
Thomson JR, Gibson JM, Jagger C. The association between visual impairment and mortality in elderly people. Age Ageing 1989;18:83–88.
Herbst KG. Psycho-social consequences of disorders of hearing in the elderly. In: Hinchcliffe R, editor. Hearing and balance in the elderly. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1983:182–3.
Malloy TR, Potter JF. Relationship of hearing impairment to dementia. Geriatr Med Today 1991;10:16–20.
Uhlman RF, Rees TS, Psaty BM, Duckert LG. Validity and reliability of auditory screening tests in demented and non-demented older adults. J Gen Intern Med 1989;4:90–96.
Dawson R, Hendershott G, Fulton J. Aging in the eighties: functional limitations of individuals age 65 and over. Advance Data No. 133. Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics, June 10, 1987.
Katz S, Downs TD, Cash HR, Grotz RC. Progress in development of the index of ADLs. Gerontologist 1970;10:20–30.
Fillenbaum GG. Screening the elderly: a brief instrumental activities of daily living measure. J Am Geriatr Soc 1985;33:698–706.
Pfeiffer E. A short portable mental status questionnaire for assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1975;23:433–41.
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psy-chiatr Res 1975;12:186–98.
Fried LP, Storer DJ, King DE, Lodder F. Diagnosis of illness presentation in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:117–23.
Levkoff SE, Cleary PD, Wetle T, Besdine RW. Illness behavior for clinicians: implications for clinicians. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988;36:622–9.
Vestal RE. Drug use in the elderly: a review of problems and special considerations. Drugs 1978;16:358–82.
Carboni P, Pahor PM, Bernabei R, Sgadari A. Is age an independent risk factor of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized medical patients? J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:1093–9.
Roberts J, Turner N. Pharmacodynamic basis for altered drug action in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med 1988;4:127–49.
Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Predication of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16:31–41.
Ham RJ. Sexuality. In: Ham RJ, Sloan PD, editors. Primary care geriatrics: a case-based approach. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992:444–55.
Acute Pain Management Guideline Panel. Acute pain management in adults: operative procedures: quick reference guide for clinicians. AHCPR Publ. No. 92–0019. Rockville, MD: AHCPR, PHS, US DHHS, 1992.
Foley KM, Sundaresan N. Management of cancer pain. In: Devita A, Hell-man S, Rosenberg SA, editors. Principles and practice of oncology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1985:1940–1.
Urinary Incontinence in Adults Guideline Panel. Urinary incontinence in adults: quick reference guide for clinicians. AHCPR Publ. No. 92–0038. Rockville, MD: AHCPR, PHS, US DHSS, 1992.
Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter SF. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 1988;319: 1701–7;.
Tamarin FM. Falls in the elderly: risks and prevention. Geriatr Med Today 1988;7:83–86.
Sloan PD. Dizziness. In: Ham RJ, Sloan PD, editors. Primary care geriatrics: a case-based approach. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992:336–61.
Mathias S, Nayak UL, Isaacs B. Balance in elderly patients: the “get up and go test.” Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1986;67:387–9.
Beck JC, editor. Geriatric review syllabus, 1991–1992. New York: American Geriatric Society, 1991:494–6.
Goldstein MK. Ethics. In: Ham JH, Sloan PS, editors. Primary care geriatrics: a case-based approach. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992:209–37.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Malloy, T.R., Halm, D.E., Torres, J.L., Susman, J.L. (1996). Common Problems of the Elderly. In: Taylor, R.B. (eds) Fundamentals of Family Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2535-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2535-3_5
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-94448-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2535-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive