Abstract
Half a century has now elapsed since Kimmelstiel and Wilson described in diabetic glomeruli the distinctive periodic acid—Schiff (PAS)-reactive nodular deposits that bear their names [1]. Since that time, these initial observations have been extended and it has become evident that, although the nodular lesions are frequently not present, the diabetic glomerular disease is always characterized by basement thickening and mesangial expansion [2, 3]. Indeed it is believed that progressive accumulation of glomerular extracellular matrix is an important aspect of the defect that leads to proteinuria and ultimately to capillary occlusion with the loss of functioning filtration units.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Kimmelstiel P, Wilson C: Intercapillary lesions in the glomeruli of the kidney. Am J Pathol 12: 83–98, 1936.
Kimmelstiel P, Kim OJ, Beres J: Studies on renal biopsy specimens, with the aid of the electron microscope. I. Glomeruli in diabetes. Am J Clin Pathol 38: 270–279, 1962.
Legg MA, Harawi SJ: The pathology of diabetes mellitus. In: Marble A, Krall LP, Bradley RF, Christlieb AR, Soeldner JS (eds) Joslin’s diabetes mellitus, 12th edn. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1985, pp 298–331.
Spiro RG: Search for a biochemical basis of diabetic microangiopathy. Diabetologia 12: 1–14, 1976.
Mohan PS, Spiro RG: Macromolecular organization of basement membranes: characterization and comparison of glomerular basement membrane and lens capsule components by immunochemical and lectin affinity procedures. J Biol Chem 261: 4328–4336, 1986.
Shimomura H, Spiro RG: Studies on the macromolecular components of human glomerular basement membrane and alterations in diabetes: decreased levels of heparan sulfate proteoglycan and laminin. Diabetes 36: 374–381, 1987.
Scott PG: Macromolecular constituents of basement membranes: a review of current knowledge on their structure and function. Can J Biochem Cell Biol 61: 942–948, 1983.
Timpl R, Wiedemann H, Van Delden V, Furthmayer H, Kuhn K: A network model for the organization of type IV collagen molecules in basement membranes. Eur J Biochem 120: 203–211, 1981.
Sato T, Spiro RG: Studies on the subunit composition of the renal glomerular basement membrane, J Biol Chem 251: 4062–4070, 1976.
Spiro RG: The structure of the disaccharide unit of the renal glomerular basement membrane. J Biol Chem 242: 4813–4823, 1967.
Levine MJ, Spiro RG: Isolation from glomerular basement membrane of a glycopeptide containing both asparagine-linked and hydroxylysine-linked carbohydrate units. J Biol Chem 254: 8121–8124, 1979.
Hudson BG, Spiro RG: Studies on the native and reduced alkylated renal glomerular basement membrane: solubility, subunit size and reaction with cyanogen bromide. J Biol Chem 247: 4229–4238, 1972.
Parthasarathy N, Spiro RG: Isolation and characterization of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan of the bovine glomerular basement membrane. J Biol Chem 259: 12749–12755, 1984.
Edge AE, Spiro RG: Selective deglycosylation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan of bovine glomerular basement membrane and identification of the core protein. J Biol Chem 262: 6893–6898, 1987.
Parthasarathy N, Spiro RG: Characterization of the glycosaminoglycan component of the renal glomerular basement membrane and its relationship to the peptide portion. J Biol Chem 256: 507–513, 1981.
Carlin B, Jaffe R, Bender B, Chung AE: Entactin, a novel basal lamina-associated sulfated glycoprotein, J Biol Chem 256: 5209–5214, 1981.
Timpl R, Rohde H, Robey PG, Rennard SI, Foidart JM, Martin GR: Laminin: a glycoprotein from basement membranes. J Biol Chem 254: 9933–9937, 1979.
Timpl R, Dziadek M, Fujiwara S, Nowack H, Wick G: Nidogen: a new, self-aggregating basement membrane protein. Eur J Biochem 137: 455–465, 1983.
Hawthorne GC, MacLellan JR, Mythen M, Alberti KGMM, Turner GA: Studies on glomerular basement membrane in experimental diabetes using lectin histochemistry in Wistar rats. Diabetologia 29: 495–499, 1986.
Peters BP, Goldstein IJ: The use of fluorescein-conjugated Bandeiraea sirnplicifolia B4-isolectin as a histochemical reagent for the detection of a-D-galactopyranosyl groups. Exp Cell Res 120: 321–334, 1979.
Farquhar MG: The glomerular basement membrane: a selective macromolecular filter. In: Hay ED (ed) Cell biology of extracellular matrix. New York: Plenum, 1981, pp 335–378.
Laurie GW, Leblond CP, Inoue S, Martin GR, Chung A: Fine structure of the glomerular basement membrane and immunolocalization of five basement membrane components to the lamina densa (basal lamina) and its extensions in both glomeruli and tubules of the rat kidney. Am J Anat 169: 463–481, 1984.
Myndersee LA, Hassell JR, Kleinman HK, Martin GR, Martinez-Hernandez A: Loss of heparan sulfate proteoglycan from glomerular basement membrane of nephrotic rats. Lab Invest 48: 292–302, 1983.
Abrahamson DR: Post-embedding colloidal gold immunolocalization of laminin to the lamina rara interna, lamina densa, and lamina rara externa of renal glomerular basement membranes. J Histochem Cytochem 34: 847–853, 1986.
Hewitt AT, Martin GR: Attachment proteins and their role in extracellular matrices. In Ivatt RJ (ed) The biology of glycoproteins. New York: Plenum, 1984, pp 65–93.
Venkatachalam MA, Rennke HG: The structural and molecular basis of glomerular filtration. Circ Res 43: 337–347, 1978.
Spiro RG, Parthasarathy N: Studies on the proteoglycans of basement membranes. In: Kuehn K, Schoene H, Timpl R (eds) New trends in basement membrane research. New York: Raven, 1982, pp 87–98.
Cammarata PR, Spiro RG: Identification of noncollagenous components of calf lens capsules: evaluation of their adhesion-promoting activity. J Cell Physiol 125: 393–402, 1985.
Aumailley M, Timpl R: Attachment of cells to basement collagen type IV. J Cell Biol 103: 1569–1575, 1986.
Spiro RG: Studies on the renal glomerular basement membrane: preparation and chemical composition. J Biol Chem 242: 1915–1922, 1967.
Carlson EC, Brendel L, Hjelle JT, Meezan E: Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses of isolated basement membranes from kidney glomeruli and tubules and brain and retinal micro-vessels. J Ultrastruct Res 62: 25–63, 1978.
Houser MT, Scheinman JI, Basgen J, Steffes MW, Michael AF: Preservation of mesangium and immunohistochemically defined antigens in glomerular basement isolated by detergent extraction. J Clin Invest 69: 1169–1175, 1982.
Huang TW: Basal lamina heterogeneity in the glomerular capillary tufts of human kidneys. J Exp Med 149: 1450–1459, 1979.
Abrahamson DR, Perry EW: Evidence for splicing new basement membrane into old during glomerular development in newborn rat kidneys. J Cell Biol 103: 2489–2498, 1986.
Kreisberg JI, Karnovsky MJ: Glomerular cells in culture. Kidney Int 23: 439–447, 1983.
Price RG, Spiro RG: Studies on the metabolism of the renal glomerular basement membrane: turnover measurements in the rat with the use of radiolabeled amino acids. J Biol Chem 252: 8597–8602, 1977.
Sternberg M, Cohen-Forterre L, Peytroux J: Connective tissue in diabetes mellitus: biochemical alterations of the intercellular matrix with special reference to proteoglycans, collagens and basement membranes. Diabetes Metab 11: 27–50, 1985.
Beisswenger PJ, Spiro RG: Studies on the human glomerular basement membrane: composition, nature of the carbohydrate units and chemical changes in diabetes mellitus, Diabetes 22: 180–193, 1973.
Parthasarathy N, Spiro RG: Effect of diabetes on the glycosaminoglycan component of the human glomerular basement membrane. Diabetes 31: 738–741, 1982.
Klein L, Butcher DL, Sudilovsky O, Kikkawa R, Miller M: Quantification of collagen in renal glomeruli isolated from human nondiabetic and diabetic kidneys. Diabetes 24: 1057–1065, 1975.
Trüeb B, Flückiger R, Winterhalter KH: Nonenzymatic glycosylation of basement membrane collagen in diabetes mellitus. Collagen Rel Res 4: 239–251, 1984.
Dean DC, Barr JF, Freytag JW, Hudson BG: Isolation of type IV procollagen-like polypeptides from glomerular basement membrane: characterization of Pro-ai (IV). J Biol Chem 258: 590–599, 1983.
Brownlee M, Spiro RG: Glomerular basement membrane metabolism in the diabetic rat: in vivo studies. Diabetes 28: 121–125, 1979.
Hasslacher C, Reichenbacher R, Gechter F, Timpl R: Glomerular basement membrane synthesis and serum concentration of type IV collagen in streptozotocin-diabetic rats,. Diabetologia 26:150–154, 1984
Khalifa A, Cohen MP: Glomerular protocollagen lysyl hydroxylase activity in streptozotocin diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta 386: 332–339, 1975.
Spiro RG, Spiro MJ: Effect of diabetes on the biosynthesis of the renal glomerular basement membrane: studies on the glucosyltransferase. Diabetes 20: 641–648, 1971.
Cohen MP, Surma ML: Effect of diabetes on in vivo metabolism of (3551-labeled glomerular basement membrane metabolism. Diabetes 33: 8–12, 1984.
Brown DM, Klein DJ, Michael AF, Oegema TR: 35S-glycosaminoglycan and 35S-glycopeptide metabolism by diabetic glomeruli and aorta. Diabetes 31: 418–425, 1982.
Klein DJ, Brown DM, Oegema TR: Glomerular proteoglycans in diabetes. Diabetes 35: 1130–1142, 1986.
Spiro MJ: Sulfate metabolism in the diabetic rat: relationship of altered sulfate pools to proteoglycan sulfation in heart and other tissues. Diabetologia 30: 259–267, 1987.
Brownlee M, Vlassara H, Cerami A: Nonenzymatic glycosylation and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Ann Intern Med 101: 527–537, 1984.
Cohen MP, Urdanivia E, Surma M, Wu VY: Increased glycosylation of glomerular basement membrane collagen in diabetes. Biophys Res Commun 95: 765–769, 1980.
Garlick RL, Bunn HF, Spiro RG: Nonenzymatic glycation of basement membranes from human glomeruli and bovine sources: effect of diabetes and age. (Submitted for publication, 1987.)
Tchobroutsky G: Relation of diabetic control to development of microvascular complications. Diabetologia 15: 143–152, 1978.
Hanssen KF, Dahl Jorgensen K, Lauritzen T, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Brinchmann-Hansen O, Deckert T: Diabetic control and microvascular complications: the near-normoglycaemic experience. Diabetologia 29: 677–684, 1986.
Mauer SM, Steffes WM, Connett J, Najarian JS, Sutherland DER, Barbosa J: The development of lesions in the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium after transplantation of normal kidneys to diabetic patients. Diabetes 32: 948–952, 1983.
Bohman SO, Tyden G, Wilczek H, Lundgren G, Jaremko G, Gunnarsson R, Östman J, Groth CG: Prevention of kidney graft diabetic nephropathy by pancreas transplantation in man. Diabetes 34: 306–308, 1985.
Hosteter TH, Rennke HG, Brenner BM: The case for intrarenal hypertension in the initiation and progression of diabetic and other glomerulopathies. Am J Med 72: 375–380, 1982.
Steffes MW, Brown DM, Mauer SM: Diabetic glomerulopathy following unilateral nephrectomy in the rat. Diabetes 27: 35–41, 1978.
Rosenstock J. Raskin P: Early diabetic nephropathy: assessment and potential therapeutic interventions. Diabetes Care 9: 529–545, 1986.
Castellot JJ Jr, Hoover RL, Harper PA, Karnovsky MJ: Heparin and glomerular epithelial cell-secreted heparin-like species inhibit mesangial-cell proliferation. Am J Pathol 120: 427–435, 1985.
Steffes MW, Brown DM, Basgen JM, Matas AJ, Mauer SM: Glomerular basement membrane thickness following islet transplantation in the diabetic rat. Lab Invest 41: 116–118, 1979.
Gotzsche O, Gundersen HJG, C sterby R: Irreversibility of glomerular basement membrane accumulation despite reversibility of renal hypertrophy with islet transplantation in early experimental diabetes. Diabetes 30: 481–485, 1981.
Cogan DG, Kinoshita JH, Kador PF, Robison G, Datilis MB, Cobo LM, Kupfer C: Aldose reductase and complications of diabetes. Ann Intern Med 101: 82–91, 1984.
Beyer-Mears A, Ku L, Cohen MP: Glomerular polyol accumulation in diabetes and its prevention by oral sorbinil. Diabetes 33: 604–607, 1984.
Frank RN, Keim RJ, Kennedy A, Frank KW: Galactose-induced retinal capillary basement membrane thickening: prevention by sorbinil. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 24: 1519–1524, 1983.
Robison WG Jr, Kador PF, Akagi Y, Kinoshita JH, Gonzales R, Dvornik D: Prevention of basement membrane thickening in retinal capillaries by a novel inhibitor of aldose reductase, tolrestat. Diabetes 35: 295–299, 1986.
Chandler ML, Shannon WA, De Santis L: Prevention of retinal capillary basement membrane thickening in diabetic rats by aldose reductase inhibitors [abstr]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci [Suppl] 25: 159, 1984.
Beyer-Mears A, Varagiannis E, Cruz E: Effect of sorbinil on reversal of proteinuria [abstr]. Diabetes [Suppl 1] 34: 101A, 1985.
Cunha-Vaz JG, Mota CC, Leite EC, Abreu JR, Ruas MA: Effect of sorbinil on blood-retinal barrier in early diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 35: 574–578, 1986.
Brownlee M, Vlassara H, Kooney A, Ulrich P, Cerami A: Aminoguanidine prevents diabetes-induced arterial wall protein cross-linking. Science 232: 1629–1632, 1986.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Spiro, R.G. (1988). Pathogenesis of Diabetic Glomerulopathy: A Biochemical View. In: Mogensen, C.E. (eds) The Kidney and Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus. Topics in Renal Medicine, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1974-1_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1974-1_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1976-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1974-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive