Summary
Absorption of phospholipids in the small intestine is, in general, associated with hydrolysis by pancreatic lipases to water soluble products that eventualy reintegrate in the mucosa cells. An alternative route of phospholipid absorption is by endocytosis of small and tight assemblies like liposomes without hydrolysis. It might be therefore expected that shortly after absorption of phospholipids through one of these routes their composition in the blood stream is largely preserved. Along this rationale AL 721, a lipid mixture designated to reduce excess cholesterol from peripheral membranes, can be administered per os for in vivo application. A series of animal and human studies, where AL 721 was administered per os, lend support to this conclusion.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Carey M.C., Small D.M. and Bliss CM., 1983, Lipid digestion and absorption Ann. Rev. Physiol. 45:651.
Carlson L.A. and Hallberg D., 1963, The Kinetics of the elimination of a lat emulsion and of chylomicrons in the dog after single injection. Acta Physiol. Scand. 59:52.
Cooper R.A., 1977, Abnormalities of cell membrane fluidity in the pathogenesis of disease, N. Eng. J. Med. 197:371.
Cooper R.A. and Strauss J.F., 1984, Regulation of cell membrane cholesterol, in physiology of membrane fluidity (M. Shinitzky, ed) Vol. 1 pp. 73–98. CRC press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Goldstein J.L. and Brown M.S., 1977, The low-density lipoprotein pathway and its relation to atherosclerosis, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 46:897.
Greten J., Raetzer H., Stiehl A. and Schettler, 1980, The effect of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine on plasma lipids and fecal sterol excretion. Atherosclerosis 36:81.
Hagerman J.S. and Gould R.G., 1951, The in vitro interchange of cholesterol between plasma and red cells, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 78:329.
Hallberg D., 1965, studies on the elimination of exogenous lipids from the blood stream. Acta Physiol. Scand. 64:306.
Heron D., Shinitzky M. and Samuel D., 1982, Alleviation of drug withdrawal symptons by treatment with a potent mixture of natural lipids. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 83:253.
Johnson W.J., Bamberger M.J., Latta R.A., Rapp P. E., Phillips M.C. and Rothblat G.H., 1986, The bidirectional flux of cholesterol between cells and lipoproteins. J. Biol. Chem. 261:5766.
Lyte M. and Shinitzky M., 1985, A special lipid mixture for membrane fluidization. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 812:132.
Murata M., Imaizumi K. and Sugano M., 1982, Effect of dietary phospholipids and their constituent bases on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in rats J. Nutr. 112:1805.
O’Mullane J.E. and Hawthrone J.N., 1982, A coparison of the effect of feeding linoleic acid-rich lecithin or corn oil on cholesterol absorption and metabolism in the rat. Atherosclerosis 45:81.
Parthasarathy S., Subbaigh P.V. and Ganguly J., 1974, The mechanism of intestinal absorption of phosphatidlylcholine in rats. Biochim. J. 140:503.
Patel H.M., Tuzel N.S. and Stevenson R.W., 1985, Intracellular digestion of saturated and unsaturated phospholipid liposomes by mucosal cells. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 839:40.
Rabinowich H., Lyte M., Steiner A, Klajman A. and Shinitzky M., 1987, Partial restoration of immune competence in aged humans under a special lipid diet (AL 721). Mech. Age. Dev. in press.
Rose H.G. and Oklander M., 1965, Analysis of erythrocyte membrane lipids J. Lipid Res. 6:428.
Rossner S., 1974, studies on intravenous fat tolerance rest. Methodological, experimental and clinical experiences with Intralipid. Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. 564:1.
Shenkin A. and Wretlind A., 1978, parenteral nutrition, Wed. Rev. Nutr. Diet. 28:1.
Shinitzky M., Lyte M., Heron D. and Samuel D., 1983, Intervention in membrane aging — The development and application of Active Lipid, in Intervention in the aging process, part B. pp. 175-186. Alan R. Liss, Inc.
Shinitzky M., 1984, Membrane fluidity and cellular functions, in Physiology of membrane fluidity (M. Shinitzky, ed) Vol. 1 pp. 1-51.
Shinitzky M., 1986, The lipid regimen, in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (A. Fisher, I. Hanin and C. Lachman, eds) PR 593–602. Plenum Press, New York.
Torres I.J., Litterst C.L. and Guazino A.M., 1978, Transport of model compounds across the peritoneal membrane in the rat. Pharmacology 17:330.
Tso P., 1985, Gastrointestinal digestion and absorption of lipid, Adv. Lipid Res. 21:143.
Wilson P. W., Garrison R.J., Castelli W.P., Feinleib M., McNamara P.M. and Kannel W.B., 1980, Prevalence of coronary heart disease in the Framingham offspring study: role of lipoprotein cholesterols. Am. J. Card. 46:649.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shinitzky, M., Haimovitz, R. (1987). Dissemination and Activity of AL 721 after Oral Administration. In: Hanin, I., Ansell, G.B. (eds) Lecithin. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 33. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1933-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1933-8_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1935-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1933-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive