Skip to main content

High Blood Cholesterol and High Blood Pressure: State of Knowledge Today and Implications for Prevention and Control of Epidemic Adult Cardiovascular Disease

  • Chapter
Cardiology
  • 77 Accesses

Abstract

This presentation aims to review the key data sets on the role of elevated serum cholesterol and elevated blood pressure in the production of mass premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Its purpose is to set down the information needed by the health professions and the general public to act effectively in the growing effort to control the contemporary CHD epidemic in the industrialized countries and to prevent its emergence in the developing countries. To aid in accomplishing this objective, a most useful document is the just published report of the World Health Organization Expert Committee on the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease1This document summarizes current knowledge on these matters and on that basis presents an effective strategy for the health services and the general public for the effort to control this epidemic. (For an extensive review of the research literature in this field — i.e., the scientific basis of the preventive effort — see also the recently published Volume 2 of the Report of the Working Group on Arteriosclerosis of the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute2.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. WHO Expert Committee on the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease — Report of a WHO Expert Committee, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, Technical Report Series 678 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Working Group on Arteriosclerosis of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Report of the Working Group on Arteriosclerosis of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Vol.2, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, NIH Publication No. 81–2035, Bethesda, MD, September 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources. Atherosclerosis Study Group and Epidemiology Study Group. Primary Prevention of the Atherosclerotic Diseases, Circulation, 42:A55-A95 (1970). Revised April 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  4. H. Blackburn, J. Chapman, T. R. Dawber, J. T. Doyle, F. H. Epstein, W. B. Kannel, A. Keys, F. Moore, O. Paul, J. Stamler, and H. L. Taylor, Revised Data for 1970 ICHD Report, Letter to the Editor, Amer.Heart J., 94:539–540 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. WHO International Collaborative Group, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Myocardial Infarction Community Registers, Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  6. E. H. Ackerknecht, “Rudolf Virchow — Doctor, Statesman, Anthropologist,” Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin Press (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Keys, ed., “Seven Countries — A Multivariate Analysis of Death and Coronary Heart Disease,” Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Pooling Project Research Group: Relationship of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking habit, relative weight and ECG abnormalities to incidence of major coronary events: Final report of the Pooling Project, J.Chron.Dis., 31:201–306 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. J. Stamler, Improved life styles: Their potential for the primary prevention of atherosclerosis and hypertension in childhood; the fat-modified diet: its nature, effectiveness, and safety; can an effective fat-modified diet be safely recommended after weaning for infants and children in general? “Childhood Prevention of Atherosclerosis and Hypertension,” Edited by R. M. Lauer and R. B. Shekelle, New York, Raven Press, pp 3–36, 387–403 and 407–410 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  10. R. B. Shekelle, A. M. Shryock, O. Paul, M. Lepper, J. Stamler, S. Liu, and W. J. Raynor, Jr., Diet, serum cholesterol, and death from coronary heart disease — the Western Electric Study, N.Engl.J.Med., 304:65–70 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. B. Lewis, M. Katan, I. Merkx, N. E. Miller, F. Hammett, R. M. Kay, A. Nobels, and A. V. Swan, Towards an improved lipid-lowering diet: additive effects of changes in nutrient intake, Lancet, 2:1310–1313 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. F. M. Sacks, W. P. Castelli, A. Donner, and E. H. Kass, Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in vegetarians and controls, N.Engl. J.Med., 292:1148–1151 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. F. W. Ashley and W. B. Kannel, Relation of weight change to changes in atherogenic traits: The Framingham Study, J.Chron.Dis., 27:103–114 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. A. W. Caggiula, G. Christakis, M. Farrand, S. B. Hulley, R. Johnson, N. Lasser, J. Stamler, and G. Widdowson, The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT), IV. Intervention on blood lipids, Prev.Med., 10:443–475 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. N. Anitschkow, Experimental arteriosclerosis in animals, “Arteriosclerosis,” Edited by E. V. Cowdry, New York, Macmillan, pp 271–322 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. L. Armstrong, E. D. Warner, and W. E. Connor, Regression of coronary atheromatosis in rhesus monkeys, Circ.Res., 27: 59–67 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. T. B. Clarkson, M. G. Bond, B. C. Bullock, and C.A. Marzetta, A study of atherosclerosis regression in macaca mulatta. IV. Changes in coronary arteries from animals with atherosclerosis induced for 19 months and then regressed for 24 or 48 months at plasma cholesterol concentrations of 300 or 200 mg/dl, Exper.Molecular Path., 34:345–368 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Dayton, M. L. Pearce, S. Hashimoto, W. J. Dixon, and U. Tomiyasu, A controlled clinical trial of a diet high in unsaturated fat — In preventing complications of atherosclerosis, Circulation, 39,40 (Suppl.2): 1–63 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  19. I. Hjermann, I. Holme, K. V. Byre, and P. Leren, Effect of diet and smoking intervention on the incidence of coronary heart disease, Report from the Oslo study group of a randomized trial in healthy men, Lancet, 2:1303–1310 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. R. Stander, J. Stamler, W. F. Riedlinger, G. Algera, and R. H. Roberts, Weight and blood pressure, Findings in hypertension screening of 1 million Americans, JAMA, 240:1607–1610 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R. Stamler, J. Stamler, W. F. Riedlinger, G. Algera, and R. H. Roberts, Family (Parental) history and prevalence of hypertension: results in a nationwide screening program, JAMA, 241:43–46 (1979).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. L. K. Dahl, and R. A. Love, Evidence for relationship between sodium (chloride) intake and human essential hypertension, Arch.Intern.Med., 94:525–531 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Stamler, Hypertension: aspects of risk, J. C. Hunt, T. Cooper, E. D. Frohlich, R. W. Gifford Jr., N. M. Kaplan, J. H. Laragh, H. M. Maxwell, and C. G. Strong, eds., Hypertension Update: Mechanisms, Epidemiology, Evaluation, Management, Health Learning Systems, Inc., Bloomfield, N.J. pp.23–37 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. R. Dyer, J. Stamler, O. Paul, D. M. Berkson, R. B. Shekelle, M. H. Lepper, H. McKean, H. A. Lindberg, D. Garside, and T. Tokich, Alcohol, cardiovascular risk factors and mortality: the Chicago experience, Circulation, 64(Suppl.III):III-20-III-27 (1981).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. J. Stamler, E. Farinaro, L. M. Mojonnier, Y. Hall, D. Moss, and R. Stamler, Prevention and control of hypertension by nutritional-hygienic means — long-term experience of the Chicago Coronary Prevention Evaluation Program, JAMA, 243:1819–1823 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program Cooperative Group, Five-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program. I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension, JAMA, 242: 2562–2571 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program Cooperative Group, Five-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program. II. Mortality by race-sex and age, JAMA, 242: 2572–2577 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program Cooperative Group, Five-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program. III. Reduction in stroke incidence among persons with high blood pressure, JAMA, 247:633–638 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stamler, J. (1984). High Blood Cholesterol and High Blood Pressure: State of Knowledge Today and Implications for Prevention and Control of Epidemic Adult Cardiovascular Disease. In: Chazov, E.I., Smirnov, V.N., Oganov, R.G. (eds) Cardiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1824-9_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1824-9_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1826-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1824-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics