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Coccidioidomycosis pp 87–95Cite as

Immunology of Coccidioidomycosis

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Infectious Disease ((CTID))

Abstract

The arthroconidium is the optimum size (< 10 mm) to breach the first lines of pulmonary defense: filtration, mucociliary transport in the upper airways, and the chemical inhibitors in the mucoid blanket. The initial response of the host to the arthroconidia in the lower airways is an ingress of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.1 The stimulus for this response may be a nonspecific irritation, but in vitro studies have suggested that C. immitis antigens activate the complement mech-anism, generating chemotactic factors.2 The function of this “ingress” response is presumed to be phagocytosis and intracellular killing. In vitro studies have shown killing of other fungi by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages.3,4 In several days mononuclear cells are more in evidence.1 This is coincident with the start of conversion of the fungus from the saprophytic to the parasitic phase. There is in vitro evidence that neutrophils may be important in this conversion.5 Included among these mononuclear cells are presumed to be lymphocytes that are beginning to recognize the fungal antigens as foreign, and monocytes that are undergoing transformation to macrophages. The immediate origin of these mononuclear cells is as yet undefined—peripheral blood, the network of paratracheal, carinal and hilar nodes, broncho-aveolar cells, and bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue are possible sources.6

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Authors
  1. David A. Stevens
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California, USA

    David A. Stevens M.D. (Chief, Associate Professor, Principal Investigator) (Chief, Associate Professor, Principal Investigator)

  2. Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University, Medical School, Stanford, California, USA

    David A. Stevens M.D. (Chief, Associate Professor, Principal Investigator) (Chief, Associate Professor, Principal Investigator)

  3. Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research of Santa Clara County, San Jose, California, USA

    David A. Stevens M.D. (Chief, Associate Professor, Principal Investigator) (Chief, Associate Professor, Principal Investigator)

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© 1980 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Stevens, D.A. (1980). Immunology of Coccidioidomycosis. In: Stevens, D.A. (eds) Coccidioidomycosis. Current Topics in Infectious Disease. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1712-9_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1712-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1714-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1712-9

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