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The Endogenous Psychoses: A Reflection of Lateralized Dysfunction of the Anterior Limbic System

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Limbic Mechanisms

Abstract

The audacious hypothesis of Papez, who in 1937, related emotion to the neural substrate that is now called mesial limbic, has been verified in the last forty years by increasingly abundant evidence. Subsequently the contributions made by Yakovlev, Nauta, McLean, Jones and Powell, Pribram and Livingston have provided a detailed understanding of the fine neuroanatomical structure and of the neurophysiological organization of the mesial and basolateral components of the limbic system. In its essential structure this is constituted by the convergence of the sensory cortical systems in the orbital and superior temporal gyri projecting then into the amygdaloid, hypothalamic and brain-stem limbic core, on the one hand and into the cingulum, hippocampal-fornix, mamillo-thalamic tract, feeding back into the cingulum and the mesial-orbital frontal regions, on the other. Yakovlev and Nauta have emphasized that the orbital frontal limbic cortex is defined by the dorso-medial nucleus of the thalamus and also stressed the importance of complex cingulate-frontal, cingulate-striatal and orbital striatal connections. McLean, in 1952, proposed that the expanded Papez mesial limbic circuit be called the “limbic system”, as by then the extreme importance of its basolateral component, notably the orbital frontal anterior temporal circuit was well understood. Nauta has also shown how the anterior cortical limbic structures are linked to the mesencephalic limbic core through the medial forebrain bundle which bifurcates to the septal and the amygdaloid nuclei. Nauta has further concluded that the relation of the frontal limbic zone, to the rest of the limbic system, is such that it might be viewed as the regulator of the limbic system as a whole — which it modulates. McLean, on the basis of neurophysiological studies, observed with others, that the orbital limbic region contained within its boundaries the highest representation of autonomic activity and he also developed a functional dichotomy in the organization of the anterior limbic system: a mesial-septal system relating principally to sexuality and to “preservation of the species” and a lateral amygdaloid system relating to defence and “preservation of the individual”. Impressed by the common symptomatology encountered in temporal seizures, in limbic encephalitis and in the endogenous psychoses, McLean considered that perturbation of the fronto-temporal limbic regions might be responsible for the perceptual, ideational and mood abnormalities that characterize the functional psychoses.

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Authors
  1. P. Flor-Henry
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Toronto, Canada

    Kenneth E. Livingston  & Oleh Hornykiewicz  & 

  2. The Wellesley Hospital, 160 Wellesley StEast, Toronto, Canada

    Kenneth E. Livingston

  3. Institute of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Vienna, Austria

    Oleh Hornykiewicz

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Flor-Henry, P. (1978). The Endogenous Psychoses: A Reflection of Lateralized Dysfunction of the Anterior Limbic System. In: Livingston, K.E., Hornykiewicz, O. (eds) Limbic Mechanisms. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0716-8_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0716-8_16

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  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0718-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0716-8

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