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Fragmentation and the Role of Seed Banks in Promoting Persistence in Isolated Populations of Collinsia verna

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Book cover Conservation in Highly Fragmented Landscapes

Abstract

Plant species that inhabit environments characterized by environmental stochasticity and/or catastrophe have evolved two common bet-hedging strategies: one based on seed dispersal attributes and one on dormancy attributes, which lead to the formation of a soil seed bank. The environmental conditions that select for the evolution of spatial versus temporal dispersal will depend on both the magnitude of the environmental variance and the spatial array of suitable habitat patches. In species that normally are connected as a metapopulation, repeated local extinction occurs, and recolonization of the available habitat patches is accomplished by seed dispersal. In a metapopulation structure, individuals are distributed among a series of subpopulations that are connected to one another by dispersal. The number of individuals in each subpopulation fluctuates according to local demogrpahic conditions, and subpopulations can fluctuate largely independently. These fluctuations in numbers of individuals may periodically extirpate a subpopulation, but persistence of a species in such a subpopulation is enhanced because dispersing individuals from other subpopulations can recolonize an extirpated area. Thus metapopulation structure and function enhances the regional persistence of species in spatially and temporally variable environments (Hanski and Gilpin 1991). Spatiotemporal variability in subpopulation size and persistence probability favors the evolution of high dispersal rates among subpopulations (Gadgil 1971, Cohen and Levin 1991, den Boer 1987, McPeek and Holt 1992). High dispersal rates will enhance the persistence of the entire metapopulation by increasing the recolonization rate of extinct subpopulations (Hanski and Gilpin 1991, den Boer 1987, McPeek and Holt 1992, Ebenhard 1991, Verboom and Lankester 1991, Hanski 1991). However, if the distance among subpopulations exceeds the dispersal capacity of the organism and the probability of successful recolonization is low, the evolution of dormancy will be favored.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA

    Susan Kalisz

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA

    Lisa Horth

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA

    Mark A. Mcpeek

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  1. Susan Kalisz
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  2. Lisa Horth
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  3. Mark A. Mcpeek
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  1. Center for Population Biology, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA

    Mark W. Schwartz

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© 1997 Chapman & Hall

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Kalisz, S., Horth, L., Mcpeek, M.A. (1997). Fragmentation and the Role of Seed Banks in Promoting Persistence in Isolated Populations of Collinsia verna . In: Schwartz, M.W. (eds) Conservation in Highly Fragmented Landscapes. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0656-7_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0656-7_13

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