Abstract
QED is the most thoroughly studied quantum field theory. The predictions up to the order O(e 8) perturbation expansion have been confronted with the experiments with success1 and the manner how ultraviolet divergences are handled is supported by the phenomenology related to the axial anomaly2. But QED cannot be reduced to a set of the Feynman diagrams, there are phenomena which are inherently non-perturbative in their nature. The well known examples are the bound state formation and the strong interactions at short distances. They can be handled by resumming an infinite subset of Feynman diagrams by methods such as the Bethe-Salpeter equation3 and the renormalization group4.
This work is supported in part by funds provided by the U. S. Department of Energy (D.O.E.) raider contract #DE-ACO2-76ER03069.
On leave of absence from CRIP, Budapest, HUNGARY
Supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the NSF-PYI grant PHY-8958079.
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Polonyi, J. (1991). Non-Perturbative External Field Effects in QED. In: Fried, H.M., Müller, B. (eds) Vacuum Structure in Intense Fields. NATO ASI Series, vol 255. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0441-9_14
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