Abstract
Diacidic amino acids with the appropriate molecular configuration (Watkins, 1978) depolarize and excite most types of neurone. Most, if not all, of these agents applied topically in sufficient quantities will act as neurotoxins — irreversible damage ultimately occurs followed by neuronal death and necrosis. Thus, the term “excitotoxic” amino-acids has been coined by Olney (1978).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arnt, J. (1981). Neurosci. Lett. 23, 337–342.
Curtis, D.R., A.W. Duggan, D. Felix, G.A.R. Johnston, A.K. Tebecis and J.C. Watkins (1972). Brain Res. 41, 283–301.
Curtis, D.R., D. Lodge and H. McLennan (1979). J.Physiol. 291, 19–28.
Di Chiara, G., M. Morelli, A. Imperato, G. Faa, M. Fossarello and M.L. Porceddu (1981). In: Glutamate as a Neurotransmitter, G. Di Chiara and G. L. Gessa (eds), Raven Press, New York, 355–373.
Dietzel, I., U. Heinemann, G. Hof meier and H.D. Lux (1982a). In: Physiology and Pharmacology of Epileptopgenic Phenomena, M.R. Klee et al. (eds), Raven Press, New York.
Dietzel, I., U. Heinemann, G. Hofmeier and H.D. Lux (1982b). Exp. Brain Res. 46, 73–84.
Engberg, I., J.A. Flatman and J.D.C. Lambert (1975). Br. J. Pharm. 55, 312–313P.
Engberg, I., J.A. Flatman and J.D.C. Lambert (1978). Br. J. Pharm. 64, 384–385P.
Engberg, I., J.A. Flatman and J.D.C. Lambert (1979a). J. Physiol. 288, 227–261.
Engberg, I., J.A. Flatman and J.D.C. Lambert (1979b). J. Physiol. 296, 96–97P.
Flatman, J.A., I. Engberg and J.D.C. Lambert (1982). Neuroscience 7, S71.
Flatman, J.A. and J.D.C. Lambert (1979). J. Neurosci. Meth. 1, 205–218.
Flatman, J.A., J.D.C. Lambert and I. Engberg (1983). In preparation.
Flatman, J.A., P.C. Schwindt, W.E. Crill and C.E. Stafstrom (1982). Soc. Neurosci.Abstr.8, in press.
Freygang, W.H. Jr. and W.M. Landau (1955). J. Cell. Physiol. 45, 377–392.
Hansen, A.J. and C.E. Olsen (1980). Acta Physiol. Scand. 108, 355–365.
Harreveld, A. van and P.A. Bierstecker (1964). Amer. J. Physiol. 206, 8–13.
Heinemann, U. and R. Pumain (1981). Neurosci. Lett. 21, 87–91.
Herndon, R.M. and J.T. Coyle (1978). In: Kainic Acid as a Tool in Neurobiology, E.G. McGeer, J.W. Olney and P.L. McGeer (eds), 189–200.
Hubbard, J.I., R. Llinas and D.M.J. Quastel (1969). Electrophysiological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission. Monographs of the Physiological Society, Number 19. Edward Arnold, London.
Krnjevic, K. (1971). In: Methods of Neurochemistry, Vol. 1, R. Fried (ed.), Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, 129–172.
Krnjevic, K. and S. Schwartz (1967). Exp. Brain Res. 3, 306–319.
Krogsgaard-Larsen, P., B. Schultz, H. Mikkelsen and J.J. Hansen (1981). Abstract of presentation of 181st ABS National Meeting Atlanta, Georgia.
Lambert, J.D.C. and J.A. Flatman (1981). Neuropharmacology 20, 227–240.
Lambert, J.D.C., J.A. Flatman and I. Engberg (1978). In: Iontophoresis and Transmitter Mechanisms in the Mammalian Central Nervous System, R.W. Ryall and J.S. Kelly (eds), Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, 375–377.
Lambert, J.D.C., J.A. Flatman and I. Engberg (1980a). Acta Physiol. Scand. 108, 14A.
Lambert, J.D.C., J.A. Flatman and I. Engberg (1980b). Neurosci. Lett., Suppl. 5, S81.
Lambert, J.D.C., J.A. Flatman and I. Engberg (1981). In: Glutamate as a Neurotransmitter, G. Di Chiara and G. L. Gessa (eds), Raven Press, New York, 205–216.
Lambert, J.D.C., J.J. Hansen, I. Engberg and J.A. Flatman (1982). Neuroscience 7, S126.
Leao, A.A.P. (1947), J. Neurophysiol. 10, 409.
MacDonald, J.F., A.V. Porietis and J.M. Wojtowicz (1982). Brain Res. 237, 248–253.
MacDonald, J.F. and J.M. Wojtowicz (1982). Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 60, 282–296.
McCance, I. and J.W. Phillis (1968). Int. J. Neuropharmacol. 7, 447–462.
McLennan, H. (1975). In: Handbook of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 4, L.L. Iversen, S.D. Iversen and S.H. Snyder (eds), Plenum Press, New York, 211–228.
Neher, E. and H.D. Lux (1973). J. Gen. Physiol. 61, 385–399.
Nicholson, C. and Kraig, R.P. (1981). In: The Application of Ion Sensitive Microelectrodes, T. Zeuthen (ed.), Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press.
Nielsen, F.B. and J.D.C. Lambert (1981). Neurosci. Lett. Suppl. 7, S352.
Olney, J.W. (1978). In: Kainic Acid as a Tool in Neurobiology, E.G. McGeer, J.W. Olney and P.L. McGeer (eds), Raven Press, New York, 95–121.
Padjen, A.L. and P.A. Smith (1981). In: Amino Acid Neurotransmitters, F.V. DeFeudis and P. Mandel (eds), Raven Press, New York, 271–279.
Ransom, B.R., E. Neale, M. Henkart, P.N. Bullock and P.G. Nelson (1977). J. Neurophysiol. 40, 1132–1150.
Schwindt, P. and W. Crill (1980). J. Neurophysiol. 43, 1700–1724.
Shapovalov, A.I., B.I. Shiriaev and A.A. Velumian (1978). J. Physiol. 279, 437–455.
Sonnhof, U. and Ch. Ph. Bührle (1980). Pflügers Arch. 388, 101–109.
Watkins, J.C. (1978). In: Kainic Acid as a Tool in Neurobiology, E.G. McGeer, J.W. Olney and P.L. McGeer (eds), Raven Press, New York, 37–69.
Watkins, J.C. and R.H. Evans (1981). Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 21, 165–204.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 The Wenner-Gren Center
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Engberg, I., Flatman, J.A., Lambert, J.D.C., Lindsay, A. (1983). An Analysis of Bioelectrical Phenomena Evoked by Microiontophoretically Applied Excitotoxic Amino-Acids in the Feline Spinal Cord. In: Fuxe, K., Roberts, P., Schwarcz, R. (eds) Excitotoxins. Wenner-Gren Center International Symposium Series. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0384-9_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0384-9_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0386-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0384-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive