Abstract
A legitimate question which one might ask about the title of this exposition is: what does “resonance” mean? In searching for an answer it is reasonable to consider the precedents for its usage. In Schiff’s book on Quantum Mechanics, the term is used in two ways: (1) The scattering of a particle by a potential is said to be “resonance scattering” when certain relations between the scattered particle and the potential from which it is scattered obtain.1 (2) A property of two classical oscillators which are in resonance (same unperturbed frequency) gives rise to two normal modes whose frequencies are lower and higher than the unperturbed frequency.1 This characteristic of interacting harmonic oscillations in quantum mechanics provides a basis for the theory of homopolar binding in molecules. Pauling and Wilson note that it arises whenever a system contains two or more identical particles. Another use of the term is found in the description of events which occur when an atom decays from an excited state and the emitted photon passes through a gas of the same kind of atoms being absorbed in the process and raising another atom to the same excited state as the one from which it was emitted.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
H. I. Schiff, Quantum Mechanics, pp. 112 & 292, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1949.
L. Pauling and E. B. Wilson, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, p. 321, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1935.
P. Pringsheim, Fluorescence and Phosphorescence, Interscience, New York, 1949.
J. W. Orton, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, London Iliffe Books, Ltd., London
J. A. McMillan, Electron Paramagnetism, Reinbold Book Corp., N.Y., 1968
W. Low and E. L. Offenbacker, Electron Spin Resonance of Magnetic Ions in Complex Oxides. Review of ESR Results in Rutile, Perovskites, Spinel and Garnet Structures, in Solid State Physics 17, 136, Ed. by F. Seitz and D. Turnbull, Academic Press, N.Y., 1965.
A. Abragam, The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism, Oxford University Press, London, 1963
G. E. Pake, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, in Solid State Physics 2, 1 (1954); Spin Temperature and Nuclear Relaxation in Solids, in Solid Statp Physics 15, 409 (1963).
H. Frauenfelder, The Mossbauer Effect, W. A. Benjamin Inc., N.Y., 1962
G. K. Wertheim, Mossbauer Effect: Principles and Applications, Academic Press, N.Y. 1964.
G. Burns, J. Appl. Phys. 32, 2048 (1961).
E. Sonder and W. A. Sibley, Defect Creation in Polar Crystals, in Solids, Edited by J. H. Crawford, Plenum Publ. Corp., N.Y., to be published.
Y. Chen and W. A. Sibley, Phys. Rev. 154, 842 (1967)
W. D. Compton and G. W. Arnold, Disc. of Faraday Soc. 31, 130 (1961).
W. A. Sibley and Y. Chen, Phys. Rev. 160, 712 (1967).
T. Purcell and R. A. Weeks, J. Phys. Chem. Glasses 10(5), 201 (1969).
R. A. Weeks, J. Appl. Phys. 27, 1376 (1956)
R. A. Weeks, Phys. Rev. 130, 570 (1963)
R. A. Weeks and E. Sonder, The Relation between the Magnetic Susceptibility, Electron Spin Resonance and Optical Absorption of the E1 center in Fused Silica, in Paramagnetic Resonance Vol. 2, p. 869, Edited by W. Low, Academic Press, N.Y., 1963
R. A. Weeks and E. Lell, J. Appl. Phys. 35, 1932 (1964)
J. G. Castle, D. W. Feldman, P. G. Klemens and R. A. Weeks, Phys. Rev. 130, 577 (1963). In this latter paper an oxygen divacancy model was tentatively proposed for the E1 center. Subsequent research has shown that a single oxygen vacancy which has trapped an electron has properties in excellent agreement with the available data.
J. Anderson and J. Weil, J. Chem. Phys. 31, 427 (1959)
R. A. Weeks and T. Purcell, J. Chem. Phys, 43, 483 (1965).
R. A. Weeks and P. J. Bray, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 5 (1968).
D. L. Griscom, BAPS 15, 314 March 1970.
J. Biscoe and B. E. Warren, J. Amer. Cer. Soc. 21, 287 (1938).
P. J. Bray, Magnetic Resonance Studies of Bonding, Structure and Diffusion in Crystalline and Vitreous Solids, in Interaction of Radiation with Solids, p. 25, Edited by A. Bishay, Plenum Press, N.Y., 1967.
D. K. Stevens, W. J. Sturm and R. H. Silsbee, J. Appl. Phys. 29, 66 (1958).
M. C. Wittels, Phil. Mag. 2, 1445 (1957).
R. Comes, M. Lambert and A. Guinier, “Mechanism of the Transformation of Crystalline Quartz into Amorphous Silica by Neutron Irradiation”, in Interaction of Radiation with Solids, p. 319, Edited by A. Bishay, Plenum Press, N.Y. 1967.
E. Lell, N.J. Kreidl and J. Raymond Hensler, “Radiation Effects in Quartz, Silica and Glass”, in Progress in Ceramic Science 4, 4-9, Edited by J.E. Burke, Pergamon Press, 1966.
R. A. Weeks and C. M. Nelson, J. Amer. Cer. Soc. 43, 399 (1960).
R. A. Weeks and M. M. Abraham, BAPS 10, 374 (1965).
T. Purcell and R. A. Weeks, unpublished data.
R. A. Weeks, Phys. Rev. 130, 570 (1963).
R. A. Weeks, unpublished data. At this distance, the hyperfine interaction is of the same order of magnitude as the interaction between the hydrogen nucleus and the magnetic field, i.e., 5 gauss. One consequence of this equivalence is that the doublet structure shown in Fig. 7 is replaced by a quartet of equally spaced (5 gauss separation) lines of almost equal intensity. That this structure is due to the hyperfine interaction of the E’ electron with a hydrogen nucleus is confirmed by measurements at a higher frequency for which the interaction between magnetic field and the hydrogen nucleus is ∿2.5 times larger. At this field the expected doublet structure is observed with a 5 gauss splitting. The outer two lines are detected but with greatly reduced intensity (∿0.1 the intensity of the two central lines) and separated from the two central lines by ∿12 gauss, the magnitude of the interaction between the hydrogen nucleus and the applied magnetic field.
R. A. Weeks, “Some Defect States of Pure Four-Fold Coordinated Oxides: Expectations and Realization” in Interactions of Radiation with Solids, p.55, Edited by A. Bishay, Plenum Press, New York, 1967.
D. L. Griscom, P. C. Taylor, D. A. Ware, and P. J. Bray, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 5158 (1969).
D. L. Griscom, P. C. Taylor, and P. J. Bray, Submitted to J. Chem. Phys.
J. O. Edwards, D. L. Griscom, R. B. Jones, K. L. Watters and R. A. Weeks, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91, 1095 (1969).
V. M. Kim and P. J. Bray, private communication, a paper on this topic has been submitted for publication.
R. J. Landry, J. J. Fournier and C. G. Young, J. Chem. Phys. 46, 1285 (1967)
G. Hochstrasser, Phys. Chem. Glasses 7, 178 (1966)
G. Hirayama, J. G. Castle, and M. Kuriyama, Phys. and Chem. Glasses 9, 109 (1968)
H. G. Hecht, Phys. Chem. Glasses 9, 179 (1968).
T. Purcell and R. A. Weeks, accepted for publication in J. Chem. Phys.
A. Chatelain and R. A. Weeks, J. Chem. Phys. 52, 3758 (1970).
D. L. Griscom and R. E. Griscom, J. Chem. Phys. 47(8), 2711 (1967).
There are many references. A recent one containing detailed computer programs is “Lineshape Program Manual” by P. C. Taylor and P. J. Bray, Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. This manual contains programs applicable to both EPR and NMR problems. There is also an excellent introduction to this type of problem in Electron Paramagnetism by Juan A. McMillian, p. 152-162, Reinhold Book Corporation, New York, 1968.
M. H. Cohen and F. Reif, Nuclear Quadrupole Effects in Solids, in Solid State Physics 5, 321, Edited by Seitz and Turnbull, Academic Press, 1957.
A. M. Stonehan, Rev. of Mod. Phys. 41, 82 (1969).
J. F. Baugher, P. C. Taylor, T. Oja, and P. J. Bray, J. Chem. Phys. 50, 4914 (1969).
P. J. Bray, “N. M. R. Studies of Glasses and Related Crystalline Solids” in Magnetic Resonance Edited by C. K. Cougan, N. S. Ham, S. N. Stewart, J. R. Pilbrow and G. V. H. Wilson, Plenum Press, New York, 1970.
B. E. Warren, J. Amer. Cer. Soc. 24, 256 (1941).
H. M. Kriz, S. C. Bishop, and P. J. Bray, J. Chem. Phys. 49, 557 (1968).
N. Bloembergen, E. M. Purcell and R. V. Pound, Phys. Rev. 73, 679 (1949).
S. G. Bishop and P. J. Bray, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 1709 (1968).
C. P. Slichter, Principles of Magnetic Resonance, Harper and Row, N.Y. 1963.
R. A. Weeks, A. Chatelain, D. Kline and J. L. Kolopus, Geochimica et Cosmochin. Acta, Proceedings of the Apollo 11 Lunar Science Conference, Houston, Texas from 5-8, 1970. Supplement 1, volume 3, p. 2467.
D. W. Jones, R. S. Mathews, N. Ruddlesden and D. J. Williams, J. Am. Cer. Soc., 51(11), 664 (1968).
D. E. Woessner and B. S. Snowden, J. Chem. Phys. 50(4), 1516 (1969).
C. R. Kurkjian, J. of Non-Cryst. Solids 3(2), 157 (1970).
B. H. Zimmerman, H. Jena, E. Isshinko, H. Kiban and D. Segboth, Phys. Status Solidi 27, 639 (1965)
C. Czyjek, J. L. C. Ford, Jr., J. C. Love, F. E. Obenshain and H. H. F. Weggener, Phys. Rev. 174, 331 (1968).
C. R. Kurkjian and E. A. Sigety, Phys. Chem. Glasses 9, 73 (1968).
M. G. Clark, G. M. Bancroft, and A. J. Stone, J. Chem. Phys. 47, 4250 (1967).
D. L. Uhrich and R. G. Barnes, Phys. Chem. Glasses 9, 184 (1968).
L. M. Martarese, J. S. Wells, and R. L. Peterson, BAPS 9, 502 (1964).
L. M. Martarese, J. S. Wells, and R. L. Peterson, J. Chem. Phys. 50, 2350 (1969).
W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie, and J. Zussman, Rock Forming Minerals, Vol. I., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1962.
D. Vinro and S. Hafner, Mineral Soc. Amer. Special Paper 2, 67 (1969).
P. E. Champness and P. Gay, Nature 218, 157 (1968).
R. A. Weeks, J. L. Kolopus, A. Chatelain, and D. Kline, “Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra of Some Silicate Minerals, Semiannual Technical Progress Report, December 31, 1968, Ornl Cf No. 69-3-5.
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th Edition, p. 3507-8, Chem. Rubber Pub. Co., 1962.
Selected from Table 3-1 p. 37-39. The Mossbauer Effect, H. Frauenfelder, W. A. Benjamin, New York, 1962, and from Table 2, p. 173, Mossbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Glasses, C. R. Kurkjian, J. Non-Crystalline Solids 3, 157 (1970).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1972 Plenum Press, New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Weeks, R.A. (1972). The Uses of Electron and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence In Studies of Glass. In: Pye, L.D., Stevens, H.J., LaCourse, W.C. (eds) Introduction to Glass Science. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0328-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0328-3_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0330-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0328-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive